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Nuclear Fission & Fusion - Notes

Nuclear Fusion Uses

  • Fusion reactors

    • Produces 3 times more energy than fission

    • Difficult to control

    • Requires lots of energy input

    • Produces high energy output

  • Used in hydrogen bombs (bigger bombs)


Nuclear Fusion Equation

Hydrogen isotopes (e.g., deuterium and tritium) can be fused to form helium, releasing energy:

2H+3H→4He+1n+Energy^2H + ^3H → ^4He + ^1n + \text{Energy}2H+3H→4He+1n+Energy


Fission vs. Fusion - Similarities & Differences

Similarities

  • Both are nuclear reactions where the nucleus is changed or broken.

  • Both produce tremendous amounts of energy compared to chemical reactions.

  • Releases stability (energy is released in the process).


Differences

Feature

Fission (Splitting atomic nuclei)

Fusion (Combining atomic nuclei)

Energy Output

Produces large amounts of energy

Produces 3× more energy than fission

Efficiency

8000× more efficient than fossil fuels

More efficient & cleaner than fission

Environmental Impact

No greenhouse gases

Little waste, cleaner

Resource Availability

Uses rare elements (Uranium or Plutonium isotopes)

Uses abundant hydrogen isotopes

Process

Larger atoms split into smaller ones

Smaller atoms fuse into a larger one

Control & Controversy

Radioactive waste is a major issue

Not controversial, but requires extremely high temperatures

Nuclear Fusion Uses

  • Fusion reactors

    • Produces 3 times more energy than fission

    • Difficult to control

    • Requires lots of energy input

    • Produces high energy output

  • Used in hydrogen bombs (bigger bombs)


Nuclear Fusion Equation

Hydrogen isotopes (e.g., deuterium and tritium) can be fused to form helium, releasing energy:

2H+3H→4He+1n+Energy^2H + ^3H → ^4He + ^1n + \text{Energy}2H+3H→4He+1n+Energy


Fission vs. Fusion - Similarities & Differences

Similarities

  • Both are nuclear reactions where the nucleus is changed or broken.

  • Both produce tremendous amounts of energy compared to chemical reactions.

  • Releases stability (energy is released in the process).


Differences

Feature

Fission (Splitting atomic nuclei)

Fusion (Combining atomic nuclei)

Energy Output

Produces large amounts of energy

Produces 3× more energy than fission

Efficiency

8000× more efficient than fossil fuels

More efficient & cleaner than fission

Environmental Impact

No greenhouse gases

Little waste, cleaner

Resource Availability

Uses rare elements (Uranium or Plutonium isotopes)

Uses abundant hydrogen isotopes

Process

Larger atoms split into smaller ones

Smaller atoms fuse into a larger one

Control & Controversy

Radioactive waste is a major issue

Not controversial, but requires extremely high temperatures