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Rhetorical Devices and Logical Fallacies:

• Rhetoric – The art of using language to persuade or influence people.

• Diction – Word choice.

• Connotation – The emotional or cultural meaning of a word.

• Syntax – Sentence structure or word order.

• Loose – A sentence where the main idea comes first, followed by details.

• Parallel structure – Repeating the same grammatical form in a sentence.

• Antimetabole – Repeating words in reverse order (e.g., “Eat to live, not live to eat”).

• Antithesis – Two opposite ideas are put together (e.g., “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times”).

• Polysyndeton – Using many conjunctions (e.g., “and” or “but”) between words.

• Asyndeton – Leaving out conjunctions between words (e.g., “I came, I saw, I conquered”).

• Dramatic irony – The audience knows something the characters do not.

• Situational irony – The opposite of what you expect happens.

• Verbal irony – Saying the opposite of what you mean (like sarcasm).

• Subjective – Based on personal feelings or opinions.

• Objective – Based on facts, not feelings.

• Appeal to ignorance – Claiming something is true because it hasn’t been proven false.

• Hasty generalization – Making a broad claim based on little evidence.

• Genetic fallacy – Judging something based on its origin or source, not its merit.

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Vocabulary Words:

First Page:

• Allegory – A story with a hidden meaning (often moral or political).

• Anglophile – Someone who loves English culture.

• Apertures – Openings or holes.

• Broach – To bring up a topic for discussion.

• Cached – Hidden or stored away.

• Cacophony – A harsh, jarring mix of sounds.

• Calumny – A false statement meant to harm someone’s reputation.

• Cavernous – Very large and hollow.

• Charlatan – A fake or fraud.

• Conjecture – A guess based on incomplete information.

• Connotation – The feeling or idea a word suggests.

• Conscious – Aware and awake.

• Contingency – A possible future event or condition.

• Convivial – Friendly, lively, and enjoyable.

• Copious – A large amount.

• Coruscated – Flashed or sparkled.

• Counterintuitive – Opposite of what you would expect.

• Daunting – Scary or overwhelming.

Second Page:

• Despondent – Feeling hopeless or very sad.

• Effigy – A dummy or model of a person, often for protest.

• Elated – Extremely happy.

• Empirical – Based on observation or experience.

• Equivocation – Using unclear language to mislead.

• Erudite – Very educated or scholarly.

• Etymology – The history or origin of words.

• Extol – To praise highly.

• Extracted – Pulled out or removed.

• Fastidious – Very careful and picky.

• Gratuitous – Unnecessary or uncalled for.

• Impassive – Showing no emotion.

• Impunity – Freedom from punishment.

• Incredulous – Not believing; skeptical.

• Incremental – Happening in small steps.

• Inertia – Resistance to change or motion.

• Infantile – Childish or immature.

• Inherently – Naturally or built-in.

• Integrity – Honesty and strong moral principles.

• Intrepid – Brave and fearless.

• Inundated – Overwhelmed or flooded.

• Latency – Delay before something becomes active.

• Malfunction – Failure to work properly.

• Oscillate – To swing back and forth.

• Paltry – Small or worthless.

• Parsed – Analyzed or broken down into parts.

• Pilfer – To steal small things.

• Proximity – Nearness in space or time.

• Rampant – Spreading quickly and out of control.

• Refute – To prove something is wrong.

• Retaliate – To get back at someone; take revenge.

• Retrospect – Looking back at the past.

• Rudimentary – Basic or undeveloped.

• Sardonic – Bitterly sarcastic.

• Strenuous – Requiring lots of effort or energy.

• Synthetic – Made by humans; not natural.

• Tetrahedron – A 3D shape with four triangular sides.

• Torque – A twisting force.

• Truism – A statement that is obviously true.

• Venerate – To respect deeply.