ELECTIVE

Statistic - Is a branch of mathematics that deals with the scientific collection, organization, presentation, analysis and etc.

TYPES OF DATA - Collection of data, Organization of data, analysis of data, interpretation of data.

Collection of data - refers to the process of obtaining information

Organization of data - refers to the ascertaining manner of presenting the data into tables, graphs, or charts so that logical and statistica; conclusions can be drawn from the collected measurements.

Analysis of data - to the process of extracting relevant information from the given data from which numerical description can be formulated.

Interpretation of data - refers to the task of drawing conclusions from the analyzed data.

TWO MAJOR AREAS OF STATISTIC - Descriptive Statistics, Inferential Statistics

Descriptive statistics - is a statistical method concerned with describing the properties and characteristics of a set of data.

Descriptive statistics - involves data gathering, organizing, describing, and presenting information.

Inferential statistics - is a statistical method concerned with the analysis of a sample data leading to prediction, inferences, etc.

Education - Statistical tools are used to get the information on the enrollment, finance, facilities, grading system and etc.

Government -are gathered to guide the officials in managing the affairs of the state.

Intelligent Policy-Making and Administration - large amounts of concrete and organized records on the movement of population, taxes, etc.

Medicine and physical sciences - causes and effects of factors which affect expermients are best evaluated using different statistical techniques.

Psychologists - Able to understand human behavior better if they are able to gather, systematize, analyze and interpret data on different tests resulting to intelligence test scores, etc.

Sociology - used in the study of the conditions of the society. In order to improve a society.

Business and economics - plays an important role in the financial transactions and marketing of new prodcuts.

Sports - these records are used to keep tract of succeeding performance for comparison.

Data - is any quantitative or qualitative information.

Quantitative data -refers to numerical information obtained from counting or measuring that can be manipulated by any fundamental operation.

Qualitative data - refers to descriptive attributes that cannot be subjected to mathematical operations.

Population - refers to the totality of all the elements or persons for which one has an interest at a particular time.

Sample - is a part of population determined by sampling procedures. it is usually denoted by n.

Parameter - is any statistical information or attribute taken from a population.

Statistic- is any estimate of statistical attributes taken from a sample.

Variable- is a specific fator, property, or characteristic of a population or a sample which differentiates a sample or group of samples from another group.

Discrete variable- is a variable that can be obtained by counting.

continuous variable - is a variable that can be obtained by measuring objects or attributes.

Nominal Measurement- depicts the presence or absence of a certain attribute. this usually involves the random assignment if numbers to represent the attribute

Ordinal measurement- This provides the degree of the presence of an attribute. Usually, data is classified according to orders or ranks.

Interval Measurement- The measurement where data are arranged in some order and the differences between data and meaningful

Ratio - This measurement is an interval level modified to include the inherent zero starting point.