PHM 613: Pharmacy Practice

Drug Management Cycle

• Components: Selection, Use, Management Support, Procurement, Distribution

Drug Management

• Involves coordinating activities to ensure the right drug reaches the patient at the right time.

• 5 Main Components:

  • Drug Selection

  • Procurement

  • Distribution

  • Use

  • Management Support

• Influenced by political, social, cultural, and economic contexts.

• Efficient systems reinforce drug allocation and use.

Objective

• Importance of drug management.

• Overview of the drug management cycle.

• Discuss challenges in the public drug supply.

Importance of Drug Management

• Strengthens healthcare systems.

• Saves lives and improves health.

• Encourages rational drug use.

• Builds trust and participation in health services.

• Address costs associated with drugs.

Health Care System

• Comprises organizations, institutions, resources focused on health improvement.

• Delivers preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative care.

• Must be responsive, equitable, and respectful.

Strengthening Healthcare System

• Efficient pharmaceutical supply chains are essential.

• Ensures access to quality medical products.

• Key Components:

  • Adequate human resources

  • Sustainable financing

  • Comprehensive information systems

  • Coordinated healthcare partnerships

Key Characteristics of Good Service Delivery

1. Comprehensiveness: Range of health services for population needs.

2. Accessibility: Services available without barriers.

3. Coverage: Inclusive service delivery for all demographics.

4. Continuity: Organized for ongoing care across health services.

5. Quality: High-standard health services.

6. Person-centredness: Organized around patient needs.

7. Coordination: Collaborative health service delivery networks.

8. Accountability and Efficiency: Effective management minimizing resource waste.

Medicine/Drug

• Essential for preventing, diagnosing, treating diseases.

• Quality-assured drugs are fundamental to healthcare.

Essential Medicine (WHO)

• Satisfy the priority health needs of populations.

• Must be safe and cost-effective, ensuring availability.

Unsafe Medication Practices

• Lead to significant harm in healthcare systems, affecting treatment outcomes.

Drug Management - Managing Drug Supply

• Goals: Ensure safe and effective medication accessibility to meet healthcare needs.

Drugs and Trust in Health Services

• Availability of drugs influences health services utilization.

Cost of Drugs

• Significant expense in national health expenditures, often second to salaries.

Pharmaceutical Expenditures

• Data: Per capita expenditures and GDP percentages across regions.

Drug Management System

• Quantifies drug needs based on patient statistics and guidelines.

Drugs as Unique Commodities

• Consumers often lack the ability to judge drug quality and make informed choices.

Rational Use of Drugs

• The Six Rights:

  • Right goods, in right quantities, right condition, right place, right time, right cost.

Drug Management Cycle Principles

• Supported by effective management systems.

Challenges for Improved Public Supply

• Involves health reform, efficiency, rational drug use, and public-private roles.

Implications of Inefficient Management

1. Affects treatment outcomes.

2. Increased stock outs.

3. Violates human rights to health.

4. Resource waste.

5. Poor storage practices.

6. Irrational drug use.

7. Loss of trust.

8. Lack of motivation.

9. Financial mismanagement.