Note
Studied by 7 peopleDiscussion questions 4
Definitions
What are the 3 levels of causality connecting unemployment to health?
Proximal → individual
Intermediate → household
Distal → population
What are the differences between the demand-control model, the effort-reward model, the job demand resources model, and the transactional process model?
Demand-control Karasek | Effort-reward Siegrist | Job demand resources Demerouti et al. | Transactional process Lazarus and Folkman |
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Explain the concept of isostrain?
When chronic stresses and excessive demands at work are not compensated by adequate social support
What is a metabolic syndrome?
It’s a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes
→ Employees in the lowest government jobs, clerical staff, are 2.7 times as likely to develop this syndrome than employees in the highest ranking government jobs
What is globalization?
Process of increased interdependence, rapid and inexpensive communications and transportation and the systematic removal of barriers to travel, communication, transporting goods and services, and moving money and other resources from one geographic place to another
What are knowledge economies?
Economies that focus on technical innovation and providing cutting-edge goods and services
What are the differences between de-industrialization, de-unionization, and de-skilling?
→ All caused by globalization
De-industrialization | De-unionization | De-skilling |
The process of a decline in industrial activity marked by the shrinking of the manufacturing sector | The decline in the influence, membership, and presence of labor unions within a workforce or economy | Process by which workers' skills become less valuable or unnecessary → leads to jobs becoming more simplified + requiring less specialized knowledge |
What is privatization?
Process of transferring ownership or control of businesses, industries, or services from the public sector (government) to the private sector (individuals or corporations)
→ Can lead to job losses and downsizing, shift to contract and temporary work, wage reductions and weakened worker protections, and skills/training shifts
Critical thinking questions
The effort–reward model depends on our sense of fairness. In particular, it assumes that a sense of unfairness will cause considerable distress which in turn will affect our emotional, mental, and physical health. The demand–control model depends on our sense of self-efficacy. In particular, it assumes that we will experience our work life as “out of control” if other people or mechanical processes determine the amount and pace of work. A sense of lack of control over what we must respond to, in turn, will generate stress-causing emotional difficulties and illness. How adequate are these psychosocial models? What other assumptions about health-relevant mechanisms do they incorporate (or need to incorporate)?
How do gender and employment interact? Which employment conditions typically affect mostly women? Men?
How do ethnicity/race and employment interact? Which employment conditions typically affect mostly ethnic/racialized minorities?