piaget

Cognitive Development (Piaget)

• Sensorimotor (0–2 years): Learns through senses and movement.
  
  

• Preoperational (2–7 years): Thinks magically and egocentrically.
  
  

• Concrete Operations (7–11 years): Understands cause-effect and logic.
  
  

• Formal Operations (11+): Thinks abstractly and solves complex problems.
  
  

4. Psychosocial Development (Erikson)

• Infancy: Trust vs. Mistrust
  
  

• Toddlerhood: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  
  

• Preschool: Initiative vs. Guilt
  
  

• School-age: Industry vs. Inferiority
  
  

• Adolescence: Identity vs. Role Confusion
  
  

5. Moral Development (Kohlberg)

• Preconventional (4–7 yrs): Behavior is based on avoiding punishment.
  
  

• Conventional (7–11 yrs): Obeys rules for approval and order.
  
  

• Postconventional (12+ yrs): Develops own moral principles.