lecture 10 pt 3

Introduction to Modern Art Architecture

Overview of how Art Nouveau intersects with modern architecture in Barcelona.
Focus on the 'Modernismo' movement and its representation in architectural design.

Art Nouveau defined by its surface ornamentation and interior decoration rather than overall building shape.
Curvilinear forms evident in both ornamental and structural aspects of buildings.
Modernisme is the local term for Art Nouveau in Barcelona.

Gaudi's philosophy: Architecture should derive from natural forms, creating a spiritual connection.
Early works begin with Gothic revival, transitioning to Modernisme with imaginative textures and color.
Casa Millet (1907) serves as a prime example of this style:
- Organic, seamless integration of structure and ornamentation.
- Use of clay modeling approach: buildings viewed as living, sculptural forms.
- Interior supported by steel beams, creating flexibility in the design.
- Exterior resembles natural landscapes with rolling waves and cliffs.

Organic-looking iron railings resembling seaweed contribute to the aesthetic.
Facade constructed from rough hand-carved stone, mimicking natural rock formations.
Dormer windows and chimneys designed in a manner resembling guardian figures.
Entrance portals designed to evoke eroded sea caves, reinforcing the organic theme.
Gaudi viewed buildings as living entities, reflecting the connection between architecture and nature.

Introduction of the Secession Style, explored by a different approach to Art Nouveau.

Emphasis on geometric forms and simplicity, contrasting with Gaudi's organic style.
Example: Secession House (1898) by Joseph Maria Olbrich:
- Created for artists' exhibitions and meetings, showcasing geometric massing and planar surfaces.
- Constructed of brick with a contemporary white stucco finish.
- Influences from ancient Egyptian architecture, including motifs like laurel trees as symbols of victory.
- Decorative elements such as Gorgon heads symbolize the three main arts: painting, sculpture, and architecture.

Dome adorned with 3,000 gilt iron laurel leaves, reinforcing organic visual language.
Reflects the artistic philosophy favoring renewal and victory through art.

Adolf Loos: Critic of ornamental styles, insisted on geometric purity in architecture.

Designed for artist Lily Steiner, showcasing Loos's architectural beliefs:
- Rejection of elaborate ornamentation, advocating for simplicity and clean lines.
- Facade design restricted to one story while concealing additional floors.
- The attic-like appearance given to upper stories through design strategies.
- Symmetrical, classically inspired structural forms despite its modern intent.

Post-Civil War America: Emergence of a distinct architectural identity.
Chicago as a hub for modern architecture after the 1871 fire, allowing for innovative designs.
Example: Marshall Field Wholesale Store (1885-1887) by Henry Hobson Richardson:
- Merges Romanesque and Renaissance styles, showcasing new engineering capabilities with cast iron and steel.
- Features include heavy brick construction and rounded windows characteristic of Romanesque, with Renaissance elements in the cornice design.
Focus on large windows emphasizes modernity despite traditional design inspiration.

Continuous evolution of architectural styles presenting the transition from ornamented forms to modern minimalism.
Exploration of unique national interpretations of art movements molding the architectural landscape.

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