World History Unit 6.2

Flashcard 1
Q: What were people's lives like before the Industrial Revolution?
A: Life was slow-paced, and population growth was limited due to high mortality rates, limited resources, and poor healthcare.

Flashcard 2
Q: What was the Industrial Revolution?
A: The increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the 18th century, leading to mass production and industrial growth.

Flashcard 3
Q: What was the Enclosure Movement?
A: The process where wealthy landowners fenced off common lands to create more efficient farms, displacing small farmers and pushing them into cities for factory work.

Flashcard 4
Q: What dangers did workers face in factories?
A: Accidents with machinery, exposure to toxic substances, long working hours, and poor living conditions.

Flashcard 5
Q: What roles did children play in factory work?
A: Children worked at very young ages in dangerous conditions for long hours, with many dying due to harsh conditions.

Flashcard 6
Q: What were some positive results of industrialization?
A: Created jobs, increased wealth for some, more manufacturing, population growth, improved sanitation, and the rise of labor unions.

Flashcard 7
Q: What is urbanization and how did industrialization affect cities?
A: Urbanization is the process of people moving to cities. Industrialization caused cities to grow, leading to overcrowding, poor sanitation, and slums.

Flashcard 8
Q: Where did the Industrial Revolution begin, and why there?
A: The Industrial Revolution began in England due to a sufficient workforce, abundant resources like coal and iron, land, capital, and labor.

Flashcard 9
Q: What are the factors of production?
A: Land, labor, and capital.

Flashcard 10
Q: What is the purpose of labor unions?
A: Labor unions advocate for better working conditions, pay, and benefits for workers.

Flashcard 11
Q: What were labor strikes?
A: Protests where workers collectively stop working to demand better wages, conditions, or hours.

Flashcard 12
Q: What is communism, and who was Karl Marx?
A: Communism is an economic system advocating for social and economic equality. Karl Marx co-wrote The Communist Manifesto and believed workers would eventually overthrow capitalist systems.

Flashcard 13
Q: What is capitalism, and who was Adam Smith?
A: Capitalism is an economic system where production is privately owned and aimed at making profit. Adam Smith was the father of capitalism, advocating for free markets in The Wealth of Nations.

Flashcard 14
Q: What does laissez-faire mean?
A: It refers to an economic philosophy that advocates minimal government intervention in business and trade.

Flashcard 15
Q: How did European industrialization affect the rest of the world?
A: It led to increased global trade, rise of colonialism, and exploitation of non-industrialized nations for resources and labor.

Flashcard 16
Q: What was imperialism?
A: Imperialism is a policy where a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, and socially.

Flashcard 17
Q: Why were Europeans driven to imperialize other parts of the world?
A: Economic growth, rivalry between nations, and a belief in moral superiority (often justified by Social Darwinism).

Flashcard 18
Q: What was the Berlin Conference and what were its goals?
A: A meeting where European nations laid down rules for dividing Africa. No African leaders were involved, which made it an unfair process.

Flashcard 19
Q: Which two African nations remained independent by the early 1900s, and why?
A: Ethiopia and Liberia. Ethiopia maintained independence due to its strong military; Liberia remained free due to its strategic importance as a colony for freed American slaves.

Flashcard 20
Q: What was Social Darwinism, and how did it relate to imperialism?
A: Social Darwinism is the belief that certain races are superior to others. This idea was used to justify imperialism, as European powers believed they had the right to dominate "inferior" nations.

Flashcard 21
Q: Why was Africa vulnerable to imperialism?
A: Due to nationalism, the demand for raw materials, the belief in the "White Man's Burden," and ideas of ethnic superiority.

Flashcard 22
Q: What territories did Britain, Belgium, and France control in Africa?
A:

  • Britain: Egypt, South Africa, Kenya, Sudan.

  • Belgium: The Congo.

  • France: Algeria, Tunisia, and much of West Africa.

Flashcard 23
Q: What was a "sphere of influence" in the context of imperialism?
A: A region where a foreign power claims exclusive investment or trade rights, without direct territorial control.

Flashcard 24
Q: What were the Opium Wars and why were they fought?
A: The Opium Wars were fought between China and Britain over Britain's opium trade in China. China wanted to stop the opium smuggling, but Britain insisted on continuing.

Flashcard 25
Q: What was the Sepoy Mutiny in India, what sparked it, and what were the results?
A: A rebellion by Indian soldiers against British rule, sparked by the introduction of rifle cartridges believed to be greased with animal fat. It was unsuccessful but marked the start of the Indian independence movement.

Flashcard 26
Q: What was the British East India Company and why did it matter?
A: The British East India Company was a trading company that controlled much of India, leading to British imperial control and exploitation of Indian resources.

Flashcard 27
Q: What is one political, cultural, and economic result of industrialization on Europe?
A:

  • Political: Rise of labor movements.

  • Cultural: Shift from rural to urban lifestyles.

  • Economic: Increased production, creating wealth for industrialists but also increasing inequality.

Flashcard 28
Q: Describe 3 effects of imperialism on Africa.
A:

  • Political: Africa was divided into artificial borders, leading to political instability.

  • Economic: Africa's resources were exploited for European benefit.

  • Cultural: Traditional African cultures were suppressed, and European languages and customs were imposed.