Biomedical Sciences MI Midterm

Steps of ELISA:

Experimental sample is added to wells
Proteins are binded to the walls of the wells
Detergent washes out unbinded cells
Primary antibody binds to a specific antigen
Secondary antibody that has an enzyme linked colormetric tag attached is added to the wells & binds to the primary antibody
Substrate is added to the wells
Then binds to the enzyme bound to the secondary antibody causing color change

B-Lactams: prevents bacteria from building a strong cell wall, causing the cell to eventually break apart

Tetracyclines: blocks bacterial protein production, preventing the bacteria from growing and reproducing

Fluoroquiolones: Inteferes with enzymes needed to copy and repair bacterial DNA; stopping reproduction

Sulfa Antibiotics: Block how bacteria make folate, doesnt directly kill bacteria, without folate, bacteria starve to death

Pinna: gathers sound waves

External-Acoustic Canal: channels sound waves towards the tympanic membrane

Tmpanic Membrane: converts sound wave into physical vibrations

Ossicles: Transmit and amplify sound waves

Eustachian Tube: Helps balance and equalize pressure in the ear

Cochlea: convert sound vibrations into electrical nerve impulses that the brain interprets as sound

Semicircular Canals: Lets the brain know when we move our head or chance positions

Sensory Hair Cells: converts physical movements from sound and head motion into electrical signal for the brain

Conductive Hearing Loss: is a result of a middle or outer ear problem or blockage

Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Occurs in the inner ear, problems with the auditory nerves

Viruses to the bacteria

Inoculation- Introduction of a pathogen or antigen into a living organism to stimulate the production of antibodies

Live-Attnuated: Weakened form of the germ that causes a diseas

Inactivated: Uses the killed version of the germ that causes a disease

Toxoid: Uses a harmful product made by the germ that causes a disease

Subnit & Conjugate: Uses specfic pieces of the germ