ES Textbk _Shibu-592-646

## Page 2: The Embedded System Development Environment

### Overview of the Development Environment
- **Components of the Development Environment**:
- **Development Computer (PC or Host)**: Heart of the development environment.
- **Integrated Development Environment (IDE)**: Tool for embedded firmware development and debugging.
- **Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Tool**: Used for embedded hardware design.
- **Emulator Hardware**: Debugging tool for the target board.
- **Signal Sources**: Function generator used for simulating inputs to the target board.
- **Target Hardware Debugging Tools**: Includes digital CRO, multimeter, logic analyzer, etc.
- **Installation of Tools**:
- Tools are available as installable files from vendors (CDs or online downloads).
- Tools can be **freeware, licensed, or trial versions**.
- **License Types**:
- **Licensed Versions**: Fully featured and functional.
- **Trial Versions**: May have limited features or time restrictions.

## Page 3: Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

### Definition and Functionality of IDE
- **IDE**: Integrated environment for developing and debugging processor-specific embedded firmware.
- **Components of IDE**:
- **Text Editor (Source Code Editor)**
- **Cross-Compiler**: Supports both cross-platform and same-platform development.
- **Linker**: Combines multiple object files into a single executable.
- **Debugger**: Used for simulating and debugging code.
- **User Interfaces**: Can be command-line based or GUI based.
- **Examples of IDEs**:
- **Command-Line**: TURBO C IDE.
- **GUI-Based**: Microsoft Visual Studio, NetBeans, Eclipse.

### Embedded-Specific IDEs
- Specific to each processor/controller family; provided by manufacturers or third-party vendors.
- **Examples**:
- **MPLAB** (Microchip for PIC)
- **Keil µVision5** (for 8051/ARM)
- **CodeWarrior Development Studio**.
- **Selection of IDE**: Tailored for specific families of processors/controllers; multi-architecture support is typically absent.

## Page 4: Starting with Keil μVision IDE for 8051

### Installation and Project Creation
- **Launching Keil µVision5**: Execute the program Uv4.exe.
- **Creating a New Project**:
- Go to the `Project` tab and choose `New µVision Project`.
- Save project with `.uvproj` extension.
- A device selection dialog will prompt to choose a vendor and part number.
- After device selection, IDE adds startup code to the project.

## Page 5: Target Device Selection

### Selecting the Target CPU
- Users can choose from the list of supported vendors for 8051 microcontrollers.
- Upon selection, the IDE displays information about the chosen device and prompts to add startup code.
- Understanding the functionality of the `STARTUP.A51` file:
- Necessary for initializing program memory before firmware execution.

## Page 6: Project Setup

### Organization on Project Window
- **Project Window Categorization**:
- **Files, Regs, Books, Functions, Templates**
- Users can navigate and modify project organization as required.
- **Creating and Adding Source Files**:
- New source files can be created and added to the project as needed.
- Include necessary headers specific to 8051; for example, `#include `.

## Page 7: Writing and Managing Code

### Writing the First Code
- Users follow standard C syntax for the `Hello World` program.
- Save files with a `.c` extension, and proper function definitions are required.

## Page 8: File Management

### Adding Source Files to Project Structure
- Users can manage multiple source files and ensure only one main function is defined in the project.

## Page 9: Target Configuration

### Configuring the Target Settings
- Users can set clock frequency, memory settings, and define whether to use internal or external RAM/ROM.

## Page 10: Output Settings

### File Creation Settings
- Configuring output file settings to either generate executable files or library files based on project requirements.

## Page 11: Debugging Options

### Firmware Debugging Techniques
- Users can choose between simulator-based or target-level debugging options when testing firmware.

## Page 12: Flash Memory Programming

### Flash Memory Configuration
- Discussed interfacing options for programming flash memory through the IDE configuration.

## Page 13: Writing Content

### Compiling and Generating Code
- Overview of how to cross-compile and build the project through the IDE.

## Page 14: Compilation Techniques

### Selective Compilation
- Users can selectively compile and link files to optimize for time during debugging.

## Page 15: Debugging Techniques

### Inline Breakpoints
- Discusses setting breakpoints and using debugger features for effective troubleshooting of code.

## Page 16: Monitoring Execution

### Execution Flow Monitoring
- Users can switch between viewed layouts to facilitate monitoring during debugging sessions.

## Page 17: Memory Inspection

### Inspecting Memory During Debugging
- Users can view memory contents and modify them as necessary.

## Page 18: Local Variables and Call Stack Viewing

### Call Stack Overview
- Track local variables and function call hierarchy using the IDE tools.

## Page 19: Code Coverage

### Performance Analysis
- Summarizes function execution tracking and analysis through provided IDE tools.

## Page 20: Peripheral Simulation

### Simulation Limitations
- Discusses challenges faced when simulating inputs from sensors and external hardware.

## Page 21: Hardware Interaction

### Serial Port Output Simulation
- Overview of simulating serial port interactions to retrieve firmware feedback.

## Page 22: Delay Generation

### Functions for Timing
- Details on implementing delay functions for time-sensitive operations in the firmware.

## Page 23: Summary

### Femme Debugging Overview
- Discusses overall coverage of debugging environments and techniques applicable.

## Page 24: Assembly Language Development

### Assembly Programming Environment
- Analyzes differences in developing applications in Assembly versus C.

## Page 25: Assembly Program Example

### Creating and Debugging Assembly Code
- Illustrates a basic assembly ‘Hello World’ program and its compilation.

## Page 26: Assembly Language Comparison

### Code Efficiency
- Discussion on memory and code efficiency between assembly and high-level representations.

## Page 27: Summary of Differences

### Embedded C vs. Assembly
- Analyzes the complexity and efficiency of each programming approach.

## Page 28: Binary Code Processes

### Converting Source Code to Executables
- Details on the conversion from high-level language to machine-level instructions.

## Page 29: Cross Compilation File Types

### Types of Generated Files
- Describes file types like `.lst`, `.hex`, and more generated during compilation.

## Page 30: Disassembly Overview

### Disassembler Functions
- Discusses the utility of disassemblers in understanding firmware execution.

## Page 31: Compiler Outputs

### Cross Compilation Outputs
- Details types of outputs generated during the compilation phases.

## Page 32: Listing Files

### Generating List Files for Debugging
- Discusses the relevance and utility of `.lst` files.

## Page 33: Preprocessor File Outputs

### Preprocessor Uses
- Overview of preprocessor outputs during the compilation stage.

## Page 34: Object Files

### Exploring OBJ File Structure
- Details contents and purpose of object files in the compilation process.

## Page 35: Linker Map Files

### Map File Structure
- Breakdown on analyzing and utilizing the map files during linking.

## Page 36: HEX File Explained

### Hex File Format
- Discusses hex file structure and its application for loading firmware to devices.

## Page 37: Motorola HEX Procedure

### Understanding Motorola HEX Files
- Describes differences in file structure between Intel and Motorola HEX formats.

## Page 38: Disassemblers and Decompiled Code

### Utility in Reverse Engineering
- Overview of how disassemblers assist in firmware analysis and debugging.

## Page 39: Simulator Vs Emulator

### Definition Distinctions
- Clarifies differences between simulator and emulator tools in embedded development.

## Page 40: Simulators Explained

### Application Use Cases
- Discusses functionalities of simulators in testing applications without physical hardware.

## Page 41: Summary of Hardware Debugging Tools

### Tool Overview
- A look at common tools used in embedded hardware debugging tasks.

## Page 42: Debugging Techniques Summary

### Historical Evolution
- Recaps the progression of debugging tools and techniques through the years.

## Page 43: Incremental Debugging

### Incremental Development Methodologies
- Discusses the significance of breaking down firmware into testable components.

## Page 44: Breakpoint Insertion Strategies

### Techniques for Code Monitoring
- Overview of inserting checkpoints within the code for debugging assistance.

## Page 45: Monitor Program Insights

### Characteristics of Monitor Programs
- Reviews essential features included in monitor programs for debugging.

## Page 46: Emulation Hardware Structure

### Overview of Emulator Functionality
- Discusses the hardware requirements for emulating embedded systems effectively.

## Page 47: Hardware Emulator Technology

### Examination of Components
- Detailing interoperability of emulator components with host systems.

## Page 48: On-Chip Debugging Advantages

### Enhancements in Debugging Practices
- Reviews advances offered by on-chip debug solutions for efficient debugging.

## Page 49: Test Setup Techniques

### Hardware Testing Requirements
- Overviews available testing practices for confirming hardware integrity.

## Page 50: Boundary Scan Technique

### Advanced Testing for Connectivity Issues
- Discusses the implementation of boundary scan techniques in physical hardware testing.

## Page 51: Summary of Boundary Scan

### Key Implementation Insights
- Summarizes benefits of boundary scanning for effective debugging of interconnections.