time period help

WHEN Major Empires Appear (Time Period = KEY):

1200–1450 (Units 1–2):

• Song China

• Abbasid Caliphate

• Delhi Sultanate

• Mongol Empire

• Great Zimbabwe / Mali Empire

• Feudal Japan / Europe

1450–1750 (Units 3–4):

• Ottoman Empire

• Safavid Empire

• Mughal Empire

• Russian Empire (early)

• Ming → Qing Dynasty (China)

• Tokugawa Shogunate (Japan)

• Spain/Portugal (colonial empires)

• British/French/Dutch (start of maritime empire building)

1750–1900 (Units 5–6):

• British Empire (height) / Raj in India

• French Empire / Revolution / Napoleon

• Germany and Italy (nationalism & unification)

• Ottoman decline begins

• Meiji Japan (starts 1868)

• US/Latin America: Revolutions & industrial rise

1900–Present (Units 7–9):

• US, USSR, Japan, Germany, Britain (global powers)

• Decolonization empires: Britain, France, Belgium collapse in Africa/Asia

• China: Qing falls → Republic → Maoist state → modern state

Pro Tips for Time-Based Elimination:

• If you see Ottomans and Industrialization together → WRONG TIME (Ottomans decline during industrial age)

• If the question mentions Silk Roads and gunpowder → be careful. Silk Roads = pre-1450, gunpowder empires = post-1450

• Columbian Exchange = only after 1492

• Cold War conflicts = AFTER WWII, so not 1930s or before