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World History Midterm study

Which of the following is not an accurate description of life in Çatalhüyük?

Question 1 options:

O		There was no concern with improving weapons, technology, or the arts.
	The population reached several thousand residents.
	The dead were buried instead of being cremated.
	The residents ate a varied diet.

The available historical record emphasizes this about the Assyrian Empire.

Question 2 options:

	The Assyrians tried to encourage people to view them as just and fair.
	The Assyrian Empire lasted over a thousand years.
	The Assyrians were the first to use bronze weaponry and lay siege to cities.
	To deter potential rebellions, the Assyrians purposefully tried to inspire fear in their conquered populations.

The term Oldowan Industry refers to

Question 3 options:

O	chopping tools made of flaked and smashed quartz pebbles.
	early military weapons.
	early stone knives and saws.
	early hand axes.

All of the following were continuities in dynastic Egypt except

Question 4 options:

	Dynastic Egypt had a unifying religious ideology which linked the pharaohs to the gods.
	Egypt's population was fairly stable during the dynastic period.
	The pharaohs built huge pyramids as their burial sites during the dynastic period.
	Social distinctions and hierarchies were fairly consistent during the dynastic period.

The term Beringia refers to

Question 5 options:

	a connection between the Middle East and Europe.
	a volcanic rock formation in the Indian Ocean.
O	a landmass that once connected North America and Asia.
	an isthmus between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

How did the earliest peoples migrate to Australia and New Zealand?

Question 6 options:

	They arrived by land.
	They arrived by sea.
	Australia and New Zealand were not colonized by humans until the nineteenth century.
	There is no conclusive archaeological evidence on how the migration took place.

The earliest hominids to use stone tools were

Question 7 options:

	Homo neandarthalensis.
	Homo erectus.
	Homo sapiens.
O	Homo habilis.

Fossil records indicate that before migrating across much of the globe, the earliest human ancestors lived in:

Question 8 options:

	Australia
	Japan
	North America
O	Africa

The first to use fire was

Question 9 options:

	Homo habilis.
	Homo astrolopithecus.
	Homo sapiens.
O	Homo erectus.

One advantage of city-states in Mesopotamia was that

Question 10 options:

	the creation of city-states led to the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution.
	urban centers were able to draw on the resources from their surrounding territories.
	the city-states were able to prevent war and conflict in ancient Mesopotamia.
	the people in Mesopotamian city-states traced their history back to a single ancestor, meaning there was great cultural unity in the region.

What is the difference between hominids and hominins?

Question 11 options:

	Hominids broadly refers to all Great Apes, including humans and their ancestors, while hominins refers more specifically to modern humans and their more recently extinct ancestors.
	Hominins is an alternative spelling of hominids, and there is no difference in meaning.
	Hominids refers to the Great Apes, while hominins refers to modern humans.
	Hominins refers to the earliest humans, while hominids refers to a later group who are closer to modern humans.

Which of the following was not a feature of the Last Glacial Maximum?

Question 12 options:

	Temperatures were unpredictable.
	Regions that are now fertile farmlands were covered in ice.
	Average temperatures dropped by as much as 57 degrees F.
	Rainfall rates around the world from year to year were predictable.

Which group of hominids became stockier and more powerful in build in order to deal with the harsh glacial climate of the Pleistocene epoch?

Question 13 options:

	Homo erectus
	Homo habilis
	Homo neandarthalensis
	Homo sapiens

The transition to bipedalism allowed the earliest hominids to

Question 14 options:

	use their hands to make and use tools.
	walk upright.
	become hunters and gatherers.
	All of these statements are true.

Evidence of the first hominid colonization of Europe has been found near the modern day city of

Question 15 options:

	Paris.
	Barcelona.
	Rome.
	Moscow.

The term Neolithic Revolution refers to

Question 16 options:

	the advent of writing.
	the move from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture.
	the completion of human migration throughout the world.
	the rise of hunter-gatherers.

The historical setting of the Upanishads was

Question 17 options:

	the Mauryan Empire.
	the life of the Buddha.
	the later Vedic Age.
	the early Vedic Age.

Sanskrit was the language of:

Question 18 options:

	The Umayyad Caliphate
	Harappan Civilization
	The Indo-Ayrans
	Mahayana Buddhism

During the early history of India, the most important region of South Asia was the

Question 19 options:

	Malabar Coast.
	Deccan Plateau.
	Himalayas.
	Indo-Gangetic Plain.

While Buddhism originated in India, in the ancient and medieval periods, it spread to all of the following places except:

Question 20 options:

	Arabia
	Sri Lanka
	Central Asia
	East Asia

During the Delhi Sultanate,

Question 21 options:

	Mahmud of Ghazna repeatedly invaded and plundered India.
	Turkic sultans attempted to control the subjugated, largely Hindu population through programs of forcible conversion.
	Muslim and Turkic rulers eventually established rule over the entire subcontinent.
	The sultans, following a principle outlined in the Quran, allowed Hindus to retain their faith and live within the Islamic state so long as they paid a higher tax.

Which one of the following is not true of Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)?

Question 22 options:

	After obtaining enlightenment, he taught about what he had learned.
	He was born in northern India.
	He practiced meditation.
	He was born into the untouchable caste.

Islam began to impact the Indian subcontinent during

Question 23 options:

	the founding of the Delhi Sultanate in the thirteenth century CE.
	the decline of the Mauryan Empire.
	the expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate during the late seventh and early eighth centuries CE.
	the expansion of the Kushan Kingdom in the first century CE.

The rules pertaining to the caste system are known as

Question 24 options:

	dharma.
	the Four Noble Truths.
	karma.
	Atman.

Which one of the following was not a characteristic of the Varna system?

Question 25 options:

	It was largely defined by occupational category.
	It defined a social hierarchy.
	It gave the most honor to the vaishya farmers.
	It was hereditary.

Kingdoms first formed along the Ganges River during

Question 26 options:

	the early Vedic Age (circa 1700-1000 BCE).
	the formation of the Mauryan state (circa 4^th century BCE).
	the later Vedic Age (circa 1000-600 BCE).
	the period of transition leading to the formation of the Mauryan Empire (circa 6^th century BCE).

Which one of the following was not proclaimed by King Ashoka proclaimed to his subjects?

Question 27 options:

	In preparation for possible invasions from the northwest, young men should train in mounted warfare.
	Everyone should learn such values as forbearance, respect, and courtesy.
	He was going to stop hunting and rather go on tours where he would visit his subjects.
	In observance of the principle of non-injury, certain animals must not be cooked in the royal kitchen.

Chandragupta Maurya's campaigns brought him into conflict with this foreign ruler.

Question 28 options:

	Darius III.
	Seleucus Nicator
	Attila the Hun
	The First Emperor of Qin

Which one of the following is not a geographical feature of the Indian subcontinent?

Question 29 options:

	It is ringed by mountains to the north.
	Mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains line the peninsula.
	The peninsula is surrounded by three major bodies of water, namely two seas and one ocean.
	The plains located to the south of the Himalaya lack rivers.

Which of the following was not true of a person's caste in early India?

Question 30 options:

	It impacted expectations about whom that person could marry.
	Being a part of that caste might also mean that you hold certain beliefs and reside in a certain place.
	It impacted the kind of work a person would be expected to do.
	It had no impact on how a person, in a public setting, related to peoples of other castes.

Which one of the following was not true of the Indo-Aryans?

Question 31 options:

	They had priestly clans that composed and orally transmitted hymns with a religious purpose.
	They spoke Sanskrit.
	They were originally nomadic pastoralists who first migrated from Central Asia to India during the early Vedic Age.
	They first came to India by traversing the lower reaches of the Ganges River.

The founder of the first empire that unified the Indian subcontinent was

Question 32 options:

	Chandragupta Maurya.
	Alexander the Great.
	King Bimbisara.
	King Ashoka.

The archaeological site at Mehgarh is most useful for studying

Question 33 options:

	the writing system used by the peoples of the Harappan Civilization.
	the origins of the Vedic Age.
	the urbanization of the Indo-Gangetic Plains.
	India's early Neolithic history.

This is the first Chinese dynasty for which we have written records.

Question 34 options:

	Qin
	Xia
	Shang
	Song

How did warfare change during the Eastern Zhou and during the Warring States Period?

Question 35 options:

	Over time, chariots became more important because large campaigns were conducted on plains.
	As the scale of warfare grew, rulers increasingly relied on kinsmen to conduct their campaigns.
	To maintain the honor of ancestors, codes of chivalry were introduced.
	Rulers increasingly fielded large armies composed of cavalry and mass infantry.

Early Zhou rulers justified overthrowing the Shang Dynasty by claiming that

Question 36 options:

	the Shang king was illegitimate and born of a barbarian mother.
	the Shang king had captured Zhou nobles and sacrificed them to their ancestors.
	Shang rulers had broken the oaths they had taken when they allied with the Zhou to govern western territory.
	a higher power had deemed that the Shang no longer had the right to rule and designated the Zhou rulers as the ones now responsible for that task.

Which one of the following was not true of the status of women during the Song Dynasty?

Question 37 options:

	After marriage, they might be expected to manage the household and educate the children.
	They were allowed to serve in minor offices in the government.
	Their marriages were almost always arranged.
	Social norms and laws placed them in a subordinate position.

Which of the following was not true of Daoism?

Question 38 options:

	It provided the means that an individual might utilize to prolong life.
	It emphasized the importance of etiquette and ceremony for achieving harmony in life.
	It became institutionalized, with a priesthood, temples, and monasteries.
	It inspired the formation of militarized religious societies with political goals.

Which of the following was not a method used by Western Zhou rulers to govern their territory?

Question 39 options:

	Conversion of territory into counties so that magistrates elevated from the ranks of commoners could be assigned to them.
	Legitimizing a kinship-based feudal system with a political ideology known as the Mandate of Heaven.
	Construction of a secondary capital farther east closer to the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, where most of the population was located.
	Granting land and noble titles to Zhou kinsmen in exchange for obedience, tribute, and military support.

Which of the following is not a part of East Asia?

Question 40 options:

	Japan
	Korea
	China
	India

Which of the following was not a Legalist influence on Qin policies?

Question 41 options:

	Efforts to regularize administration and to apply laws uniformly to the population.
	Construction of a giant underground mausoleum for the ruler, so that his power would extend into the spirit world.
	Implementing policies to concentrate power in the hands of the ruler.
	Implementing measures to make groups of families accountable to one another.

Which of the following is true regarding Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture?

Question 42 options:

	Longshan Culture preceded Yangshao Culture.
	While Yangshao Culture was located along the Yellow River, Longshan Culture was centered on the middle reaches of the Yangzi River.
	Based on the archaeological evidence, it appears that Longshan Culture was more complex.
	Whereas Yangshao villagers primarily grew wheat and millet, Longshan villagers primarily cultivated rice.

Daoism

Question 43 options:

	was utilized by the First Emperor of China to govern his realm.
	suggested that people can return to a natural way of being that is spontaneous and effortless.
	emphasized the importance of the scientific study of the natural world.
	was built on Confucian ideas by adding a cosmological dimension to them.

Master Sun wrote China's most famous work on military strategy titled The Art of War just prior to:

Question 44 options:

	The Warring States period in China.
	Liu Bang's military victories that established him as emperor of China and founder of the Han Dynasty.
	The Mongol invasion of China.
	The Tang Dynasty's wars with Korea.

Which one of the following was not a legacy of the Qin Dynasty?

Question 45 options:

	Creation of a stable political and social order by adopting and promoting Confucianism.
	Invention of a title used by the emperors of China throughout China's imperial history.
	Establishment of a centralized bureaucracy that governed a hierarchical system of administrative units.
	Facilitation of commerce and communication through roadbuilding and the standardization of weights, measures, and the system of writing.

Assuming that Erlitou was the capital of the Xia Dynasty, which one of the following is not correct based on the archaeological evidence?

Question 46 options:

	A central, walled palace complex points to a further stage in state development along the Yellow River, from chiefdoms to the first kingdom.
	Workshops were used to produce pottery.
	Burial sites indicate an egalitarian social structure, where farmers and ruling elites interacted as equals.
	Workshops indicate a Bronze Age civilization.

Which of the following was not a reason why the Song Dynasty China was one of the most developed countries in the world?

Question 47 options:

	It successful military subjugation of steppe tribes located north of China.
	The level of its urbanization.
	The size of its population.
	The extent to which its economy was commercialized.

This individual completed the Mongol conquest of China that his grandfather had begun.

Question 48 options:

	Kublai Khan
	Cao Cao
	Prince Shotoku
	Liu Bang

Shang rulers and elites believed that the principal factor determining whether or not future events would be favorable to them was

Question 49 options:

	maintaining policies that benefited the agricultural producers.
	the spirits of their deceased ancestors.
	correctly carrying out rituals to appease demons residing in the underworld.
	maintaining military garrisons along the borders of their territorial state.

During the seventh century CE, the most dominant state in East Asia was

Question 50 options:

	Manchuria.
	Japan.
	the Silla Dynasty.
	the Tang Dynasty.

Question 1

0 / 2 points

The rise of agriculture contributed to the rise of

Question options:

	religion and trade.
	All of these are true.
	permanent settlements.
	social stratification.

Question 2

0 / 2 points

Best remembered for defeating Goliath, this king of a unified Israel contributed to the Book of Psalms and began to build Jerusalem into the capital city of Israel.

Question options:

	Saul
	Solomon
	Josiah
	David

Question 3

0 / 2 points

The term Natufian Adaption refers to

Question options:

	the migration of Homo sapiens out of Africa some 45,000 years ago.
	residents of West Asia who saw the benefits of sedentary living before the advent of agriculture.
	the gradual appearance of new animal species, including deer and horses, in Europe.
	the development of closely related hominid species in the grasslands of southern and eastern Africa.

Question 4

0 / 2 points

The pharaohs and the Egyptian elites used the Valley of Kings as their preferred burial site during the

Question options:

	New Kingdom.
	First Intermediate Period.
	Old Kingdom.
	Middle Kingdom.

Question 5

0 / 2 points

The Code of Hammurabi

Question options:

	was written during the Assyrian Empire.
	contained the law of retaliation, which became famous for its line that demands an eye for an eye.
	was the first ever set of written laws.
	originated in Ancient Egypt.

Question 6

0 / 2 points

The Great Pyramid of Egypt:

Question options:

	Took twenty years to build and was the tallest structure in the world until the twentieth century.
	Was actually a small pyramid, but was known as "great" because it was the tomb of Khufu, the most famous pharaoh in Egyptian history.
	No longer exists because an earthquake destroyed it during the New Kingdom.
	Unlike other pyramids, was modeled on the ziggurats of Mesopotamia.

Question 7

0 / 2 points

The term Oldowan Industry refers to

Question options:

	early stone knives and saws.
	early military weapons.
	chopping tools made of flaked and smashed quartz pebbles.
	early hand axes.

Question 8

0 / 2 points

The available historical record emphasizes this about the Assyrian Empire.

Question options:

	The Assyrians were the first to use bronze weaponry and lay siege to cities.
	The Assyrians tried to encourage people to view them as just and fair.
	To deter potential rebellions, the Assyrians purposefully tried to inspire fear in their conquered populations.
	The Assyrian Empire lasted over a thousand years.

Question 9

0 / 2 points

The transition to bipedalism allowed the earliest hominids to

Question options:

	All of these statements are true.
	use their hands to make and use tools.
	walk upright.
	become hunters and gatherers.

Question 10

0 / 2 points

Which of the following was not a feature of the Last Glacial Maximum?

Question options:

	Average temperatures dropped by as much as 57 degrees F.
	Temperatures were unpredictable.
	Regions that are now fertile farmlands were covered in ice.
	Rainfall rates around the world from year to year were predictable.

Question 11

0 / 2 points

One advantage of city-states in Mesopotamia was that

Question options:

	the creation of city-states led to the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution.
	the city-states were able to prevent war and conflict in ancient Mesopotamia.
	the people in Mesopotamian city-states traced their history back to a single ancestor, meaning there was great cultural unity in the region.
	urban centers were able to draw on the resources from their surrounding territories.

Question 12

0 / 2 points

All of the following were continuities in dynastic Egypt except

Question options:

	Egypt's population was fairly stable during the dynastic period.
	The pharaohs built huge pyramids as their burial sites during the dynastic period.
	Dynastic Egypt had a unifying religious ideology which linked the pharaohs to the gods.
	Social distinctions and hierarchies were fairly consistent during the dynastic period.

Question 13

0 / 2 points

The first to use fire was

Question options:

	Homo erectus.
	Homo habilis.
	Homo astrolopithecus.
	Homo sapiens.

Question 14

0 / 2 points

The term Neolithic Revolution refers to

Question options:

	the advent of writing.
	the completion of human migration throughout the world.
	the move from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture.
	the rise of hunter-gatherers.

Question 15

0 / 2 points

Fossil records indicate that before migrating across much of the globe, the earliest human ancestors lived in:

Question options:

	Australia
	Japan
	North America
	Africa

Question 16

0 / 2 points

Evidence of the first hominid colonization of Europe has been found near the modern day city of

Question options:

	Moscow.
	Paris.
	Barcelona.
	Rome.

Question 17

0 / 2 points

Which one most accurately describes the meaning of dharma for Brahmins?

Question options:

	Just and enlightened governing.
	A society founded on Vedic principles and the varna and caste system.
	Renouncing violence and embracing the principle of non-injury to all beings.
	The teachings given in the Four Noble Truths.

Question 18

0 / 2 points

In addition to India itself, ancient and medieval India included all of the following present-day countries except:

Question options:

	Pakistan
	Nepal
	Sri Lanka
	Thailand

Question 19

0 / 2 points

Which of the following is not discussed in the Upanishads?

Question options:

	One divine reality underlies the universe.
	Within the heart of each person lies an eternal soul.
	Humans wander through a succession of deaths and rebirths.
	There is no point in doing good works, because doing so will not change your future.

Question 20

0 / 2 points

According to the teachings of the Buddha,

Question options:

	because they are ritually purer, only the Brahmin priests can attain nirvana in this lifetime.
	life is fundamentally characterized by suffering, suffering is caused by a kind of unquenchable thirst, but there is a cure for this, and it is referred to as nirvana.
	a host of deities control the natural world and the good and bad that befalls the human race, but they can be appeased through rituals.
	because the individual's soul is infected with bad karma, it transmigrates until a program of meditation is undertaken and nirvana is achieved.

Question 21

0 / 2 points

In early India, people belonged to the untouchable caste since

Question options:

	their occupation was considered highly impure and others saw them as polluting.
	their ancestors had lived outside urbanized areas as primitive hunter-gatherers.
	their ancestors had committed serious crimes.
	they worshiped Hindu deities residing in the netherworld.

Question 22

0 / 2 points

Excavations of Harappan Civilization have revealed

Question options:

	a civilization composed of thousands of village communities, but without signs of urbanization.
	that although it had several dozen small towns, sizable cities never developed.
	previously undiscovered, large pyramids rivaling those of ancient Egypt.
	thousands of villages as small as 2-3 acres each, but also several major cities reaching over one hundred acres each.

Question 23

0 / 2 points

Which one of the following was not true of Mohenjo-Daro?

Question options:

	It had residential and commercial sectors laid out on a grid resembling city blocks.
	Structures were principally composed of mudbricks and bricks baked in kilns.
	It lacked structures for moving sewage out of the city.
	It was located along the lower reaches of the Indus River.

Question 24

0 / 2 points

Which of the following regions was not closely linked to South Asia by the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade routes?

Question options:

	Southeast Asia
	Scandinavia
	Central Asia
	East Africa

Question 25

0 / 2 points

Kingdoms first formed along the Ganges River during

Question options:

	the later Vedic Age (circa 1000-600 BCE).
	the period of transition leading to the formation of the Mauryan Empire (circa 6^th century BCE).
	the formation of the Mauryan state (circa 4^th century BCE).
	the early Vedic Age (circa 1700-1000 BCE).

Question 26

0 / 2 points

While Buddhism originated in India, in the ancient and medieval periods, it spread to all of the following places except:

Question options:

	Arabia
	Sri Lanka
	Central Asia
	East Asia

Question 27

0 / 2 points

The archaeological site at Mehgarh is most useful for studying

Question options:

	the writing system used by the peoples of the Harappan Civilization.
	the urbanization of the Indo-Gangetic Plains.
	India's early Neolithic history.
	the origins of the Vedic Age.

Question 28

0 / 2 points

The historical setting of the Upanishads was

Question options:

	the life of the Buddha.
	the later Vedic Age.
	the early Vedic Age.
	the Mauryan Empire.

Question 29

0 / 2 points

Which one of the following was not true of the Indo-Aryans?

Question options:

	They had priestly clans that composed and orally transmitted hymns with a religious purpose.
	They were originally nomadic pastoralists who first migrated from Central Asia to India during the early Vedic Age.
	They spoke Sanskrit.
	They first came to India by traversing the lower reaches of the Ganges River.

Question 30

0 / 2 points

Which one of the following is not a geographical feature of the Indian subcon?

Question options:tinent

	Mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains line the peninsula.
	The peninsula is surrounded by three major bodies of water, namely two seas and one ocean.
	The plains located to the south of the Himalaya lack rivers.
	It is ringed by mountains to the north.

Question 31

0 / 2 points

Sanskrit was the language of:

Question options:

	The Umayyad Caliphate
	Harappan Civilization
	The Indo-Ayrans
	Mahayana Buddhism

Question 32

0 / 2 points

Which one of the following is not true of Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)?

Question options:

	He practiced meditation.
	After obtaining enlightenment, he taught about what he had learned.
	He was born in northern India.
	He was born into the untouchable caste.

Question 33

0 / 2 points

The founder of the first empire that unified the Indian subcontinent was

Question options:

	Alexander the Great.
	King Bimbisara.
	King Ashoka.
	Chandragupta Maurya.

Question 34

0 / 2 points

The Shang Dynasty was

Question options:

	a monarchy that likely relied on confederations with local chieftains to control territory at a distance from Anyang.
	a chiefdom governed by a tribal council.
	governed by a monarchy with a military bureaucracy that controlled a clearly defined territory.
	an imperial monarchy that had centralized control over the North China Plain through the use of large armies composed primarily of foot soldiers.

Question 35

0 / 2 points

Which of the following was not a feature of the Shang Dynasty?

Question options:

	Governing territory beyond the capital and its environs through alliances and confederation.
	Casting bronzes for the purpose of feeding the spirits of deceased ancestors.
	Large burial sites for rulers.
	Walled buildings to prevent attacks by the nomadic pastoralists from Mongolia.

Question 36

0 / 2 points

During China's Han Dynasty,

Question options:

	China established four military outposts in Korea that established control over part of the peninsula, even as independent kingdoms and tribal confederations remained to the east and south.
	China established commanderies in Korea that exercised control over the entire peninsula.
	The Silla Dynasty repulsed Chinese invasions and unified the Korean peninsula under one state.
	the invasion of China by the state of Goguryeo led to the Han Dynasty's downfall.

Question 37

0 / 2 points

One of the most notable political developments during the Han Dynasty was

Question options:

	The adoption of legalism as state orthodoxy.
	The adoption of Daoism as a ruling philosophy.
	The impact of Buddhist notions of non-violence on criminal law.
	The adoption of Confucianism as a governing ideology.

Question 38

0 / 2 points

The greatest external threat to China between the Han and Song dynasties was

Question options:

	European explorers who arrived on the shores of China with gunboats and imposed unequal treaties on the Chinese government.
	nomadic pastoralists living on the steppe lands to the north of China.
	Japanese pirates that raided the coast of Japan and sailed inland to plunder Chinese towns and cities.
	Burmese warlords who repeatedly made incursions into southeast China.

Question 39

0 / 2 points

After the Qin Dynasty, the longest period of political fragmentation in Chinese history took place

Question options:

	between the Song and Yuan Dynasties, when the Mongols, led by Genghis Khan and eventually Khubilai Khan, kept invading China.
	between the Qin and Han Dynasties, when Liu Bang was contending with rival warlords to reunite China after the collapse of the Qin.
	between the collapse of the Tang Dynasty and the founding of the Song Dynasty.
	between the Han and Tang Dynasties, during the time when Buddhism first spread into China.

Question 40

0 / 2 points

The earliest Chinese dynasties developed

Question options:

	along the Yangzi River and in central China, where a warmer and wetter climate makes for productive rice agriculture.
	on the Manchurian Plains, on land suited to hunting, farming, and fishing.
	in Beijing, the capital of China today.
	along the Yellow River and on the North China Plain, where the land and climate are suited to wheat and millet farming.

Question 41

0 / 2 points

The Yuan Dynasty:

Question options:

	Had its origins from the Chinese peasantry.
	Were Mongols.
	Were Koreans.
	Were Japanese.

Question 42

0 / 2 points

Which of the following was not a teaching of Confucius?

Question options:

	Only individuals from noble backgrounds have the conditions necessary to become noble men (persons of virtue).
	The root of morality can be found in the home, where young people should learn to be respectful and reverent towards parents.
	For a state to govern well, those who govern should themselves be moral exemplars.
	Humaneness and demonstrating good etiquette are two of the essential virtues of a gentleman.

Question 43

0 / 2 points

During the Eastern Zhou and then the Warring States Period,

Question options:

	following The Art of War, the Zhou kingdom was able to reunify the realm under one centralized monarchy by fielding the most powerful army and proclaiming the Mandate of Heaven.
	China was repeatedly invaded by the Mongols, at least until the Zhou kings built the Great Wall.
	warfare caused the fragmentation of the Chinese cultural realm into an ever larger number of feudal domains.
	a large number of feudal states governed by noble lords evolved into a handful of centralized monarchies ruled by kings.

Question 44

0 / 2 points

In China, the "the Mandate of Heaven" was a concept that described:

Question options:

	The spiritual foundation of Confucius' political ideas.
	A political theory that explained the rise and fall of dynasties.
	The appeal of Buddhism to the peasantry.
	Daoism's notion of balance and harmony with nature.

Question 45

0 / 2 points

Which one of the following was not a legacy of the Qin Dynasty?

Question options:

	Invention of a title used by the emperors of China throughout China's imperial history.
	Creation of a stable political and social order by adopting and promoting Confucianism.
	Establishment of a centralized bureaucracy that governed a hierarchical system of administrative units.
	Facilitation of commerce and communication through roadbuilding and the standardization of weights, measures, and the system of writing.

Question 46

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Which of the following was not true of Daoism?

Question options:

	It emphasized the importance of etiquette and ceremony for achieving harmony in life.
	It inspired the formation of militarized religious societies with political goals.
	It provided the means that an individual might utilize to prolong life.
	It became institutionalized, with a priesthood, temples, and monasteries.

Question 47

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This individual completed the Mongol conquest of China that his grandfather had begun.

Question options:

	Cao Cao
	Liu Bang
	Prince Shotoku
	Kublai Khan

Question 48

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Which of the following was not a Legalist influence on Qin policies?

Question options:

	Implementing measures to make groups of families accountable to one another.
	Construction of a giant underground mausoleum for the ruler, so that his power would extend into the spirit world.
	Implementing policies to concentrate power in the hands of the ruler.
	Efforts to regularize administration and to apply laws uniformly to the population.

Question 49

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During the seventh century CE, the most dominant state in East Asia was

Question options:

	Japan.
	the Silla Dynasty.
	the Tang Dynasty.
	Manchuria.

Question 50

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Which of the following was not a method used by Western Zhou rulers to govern their territory?

Question options:

	Construction of a secondary capital farther east closer to the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, where most of the population was located.
	Legitimizing a kinship-based feudal system with a political ideology known as the Mandate of Heaven.
	Granting land and noble titles to Zhou kinsmen in exchange for obedience, tribute, and military support.
	Conversion of territory into counties so that magistrates elevated from the ranks of commoners could be assigned to them.

Question 1

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The rise of agriculture contributed to the rise of

Question options:

	social stratification.
	religion and trade.
	permanent settlements.
	All of these are true.

Question 2

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How did the earliest peoples migrate to Australia and New Zealand?

Question options:

	They arrived by land.
	They arrived by sea.
	There is no conclusive archaeological evidence on how the migration took place.
	Australia and New Zealand were not colonized by humans until the nineteenth century.

Question 3

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Which of the following is not an accurate description of life in Çatalhüyük?

Question options:

	The population reached several thousand residents.
	There was no concern with improving weapons, technology, or the arts.
	The dead were buried instead of being cremated.
	The residents ate a varied diet.

Question 4

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What is the difference between hominids and hominins?

Question options:

	Hominins is an alternative spelling of hominids, and there is no difference in meaning.
	Hominids refers to the Great Apes, while hominins refers to modern humans.
	Hominids broadly refers to all Great Apes, including humans and their ancestors, while hominins refers more specifically to modern humans and their more recently extinct ancestors.
	Hominins refers to the earliest humans, while hominids refers to a later group who are closer to modern humans.

Question 5

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The Great Pyramid of Egypt:

Question options:

	Took twenty years to build and was the tallest structure in the world until the twentieth century.
	Was actually a small pyramid, but was known as "great" because it was the tomb of Khufu, the most famous pharaoh in Egyptian history.
	No longer exists because an earthquake destroyed it during the New Kingdom.
	Unlike other pyramids, was modeled on the ziggurats of Mesopotamia.

Question 6

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Best remembered for defeating Goliath, this king of a unified Israel contributed to the Book of Psalms and began to build Jerusalem into the capital city of Israel.

Question options:

	David
	Saul
	Josiah
	Solomon

Question 7

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The term Natufian Adaption refers to

Question options:

	the development of closely related hominid species in the grasslands of southern and eastern Africa.
	residents of West Asia who saw the benefits of sedentary living before the advent of agriculture.
	the migration of Homo sapiens out of Africa some 45,000 years ago.
	the gradual appearance of new animal species, including deer and horses, in Europe.

Question 8

0 / 2 points

The Code of Hammurabi

Question options:

	was written during the Assyrian Empire.
	originated in Ancient Egypt.
	contained the law of retaliation, which became famous for its line that demands an eye for an eye.
	was the first ever set of written laws.

Question 9

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Which group of hominids became stockier and more powerful in build in order to deal with the harsh glacial climate of the Pleistocene epoch?

Question options:

	Homo erectus
	Homo sapiens
	Homo habilis
	Homo neandarthalensis

Question 10

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The earliest hominids to use stone tools were

Question options:

	Homo neandarthalensis.
	Homo habilis.
	Homo erectus.
	Homo sapiens.

Question 11

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The term Beringia refers to

Question options:

	a connection between the Middle East and Europe.
	a landmass that once connected North America and Asia.
	a volcanic rock formation in the Indian Ocean.
	an isthmus between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

Question 12

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The pharaohs and the Egyptian elites used the Valley of Kings as their preferred burial site during the

Question options:

	First Intermediate Period.
	Middle Kingdom.
	Old Kingdom.
	New Kingdom.

Question 13

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Which of the following was not a feature of the Last Glacial Maximum?

Question options:

	Regions that are now fertile farmlands were covered in ice.
	Average temperatures dropped by as much as 57 degrees F.
	Temperatures were unpredictable.
	Rainfall rates around the world from year to year were predictable.

Question 14

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Fossil records indicate that before migrating across much of the globe, the earliest human ancestors lived in:

Question options:

	Australia
	Japan
	North America
	Africa

Question 15

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The transition to bipedalism allowed the earliest hominids to

Question options:

	use their hands to make and use tools.
	become hunters and gatherers.
	walk upright.
	All of these statements are true.

Question 16

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One advantage of city-states in Mesopotamia was that

Question options:

	urban centers were able to draw on the resources from their surrounding territories.
	the people in Mesopotamian city-states traced their history back to a single ancestor, meaning there was great cultural unity in the region.
	the city-states were able to prevent war and conflict in ancient Mesopotamia.
	the creation of city-states led to the beginning of the Agricultural Revolution.

Question 17

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Which one of the following was not a characteristic of the Varna system?

Question options:

	It gave the most honor to the vaishya farmers.
	It was hereditary.
	It was largely defined by occupational category.
	It defined a social hierarchy.

Question 18

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Which one of the following was not proclaimed by King Ashoka proclaimed to his subjects?

Question options:

	He was going to stop hunting and rather go on tours where he would visit his subjects.
	In observance of the principle of non-injury, certain animals must not be cooked in the royal kitchen.
	In preparation for possible invasions from the northwest, young men should train in mounted warfare.
	Everyone should learn such values as forbearance, respect, and courtesy.

Question 19

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Which of the following is not discussed in the Upanishads?

Question options:

	Humans wander through a succession of deaths and rebirths.
	One divine reality underlies the universe.
	Within the heart of each person lies an eternal soul.
	There is no point in doing good works, because doing so will not change your future.

Question 20

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In early India, people belonged to the untouchable caste since

Question options:

	their ancestors had committed serious crimes.
	they worshiped Hindu deities residing in the netherworld.
	their occupation was considered highly impure and others saw them as polluting.
	their ancestors had lived outside urbanized areas as primitive hunter-gatherers.

Question 21

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Which one of the following was not true of Mohenjo-Daro?

Question options:

	Structures were principally composed of mudbricks and bricks baked in kilns.
	It was located along the lower reaches of the Indus River.
	It lacked structures for moving sewage out of the city.
	It had residential and commercial sectors laid out on a grid resembling city blocks.

Question 22

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Which one most accurately describes the meaning of dharma for Brahmins?

Question options:

	Renouncing violence and embracing the principle of non-injury to all beings.
	A society founded on Vedic principles and the varna and caste system.
	The teachings given in the Four Noble Truths.
	Just and enlightened governing.

Question 23

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In addition to India itself, ancient and medieval India included all of the following present-day countries except:

Question options:

	Pakistan
	Nepal
	Sri Lanka
	Thailand

Question 24

0 / 2 points

Chandragupta Maurya's campaigns brought him into conflict with this foreign ruler.

Question options:

	Darius III.
	The First Emperor of Qin
	Seleucus Nicator
	Attila the Hun

Question 25

0 / 2 points

During the early history of India, the most important region of South Asia was the

Question options:

	Indo-Gangetic Plain.
	Deccan Plateau.
	Himalayas.
	Malabar Coast.

Question 26

0 / 2 points

According to the teachings of the Buddha,

Question options:

	a host of deities control the natural world and the good and bad that befalls the human race, but they can be appeased through rituals.
	life is fundamentally characterized by suffering, suffering is caused by a kind of unquenchable thirst, but there is a cure for this, and it is referred to as nirvana.
	because the individual's soul is infected with bad karma, it transmigrates until a program of meditation is undertaken and nirvana is achieved.
	because they are ritually purer, only the Brahmin priests can attain nirvana in this lifetime.

Question 27

0 / 2 points

Which of the following was not true of a person's caste in early India?

Question options:

	It impacted expectations about whom that person could marry.
	It impacted the kind of work a person would be expected to do.
	It had no impact on how a person, in a public setting, related to peoples of other castes.
	Being a part of that caste might also mean that you hold certain beliefs and reside in a certain place.

Question 28

0 / 2 points

Excavations of Harappan Civilization have revealed

Question options:

	thousands of villages as small as 2-3 acres each, but also several major cities reaching over one hundred acres each.
	a civilization composed of thousands of village communities, but without signs of urbanization.
	that although it had several dozen small towns, sizable cities never developed.
	previously undiscovered, large pyramids rivaling those of ancient Egypt.

Question 29

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Which of the following regions was not closely linked to South Asia by the Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade routes?

Question options:

	Scandinavia
	East Africa
	Southeast Asia
	Central Asia

Question 30

0 / 2 points

Islam began to impact the Indian subcontinent during

Question options:

	the expansion of the Kushan Kingdom in the first century CE.
	the expansion of the Umayyad Caliphate during the late seventh and early eighth centuries CE.
	the decline of the Mauryan Empire.
	the founding of the Delhi Sultanate in the thirteenth century CE.

Question 31

0 / 2 points

During the Delhi Sultanate,

Question options:

	Muslim and Turkic rulers eventually established rule over the entire subcontinent.
	The sultans, following a principle outlined in the Quran, allowed Hindus to retain their faith and live within the Islamic state so long as they paid a higher tax.
	Turkic sultans attempted to control the subjugated, largely Hindu population through programs of forcible conversion.
	Mahmud of Ghazna repeatedly invaded and plundered India.

Question 32

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The rules pertaining to the caste system are known as

Question options:

	the Four Noble Truths.
	Atman.
	dharma.
	karma.

Question 33

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The historical setting of the Upanishads was

Question options:

	the later Vedic Age.
	the Mauryan Empire.
	the early Vedic Age.
	the life of the Buddha.

Question 34

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Which of the following was not a reason why the Song Dynasty China was one of the most developed countries in the world?

Question options:

	The level of its urbanization.
	It successful military subjugation of steppe tribes located north of China.
	The size of its population.
	The extent to which its economy was commercialized.

Question 35

0 / 2 points

The earliest Chinese dynasties developed

Question options:

	on the Manchurian Plains, on land suited to hunting, farming, and fishing.
	along the Yellow River and on the North China Plain, where the land and climate are suited to wheat and millet farming.
	along the Yangzi River and in central China, where a warmer and wetter climate makes for productive rice agriculture.
	in Beijing, the capital of China today.

Question 36

0 / 2 points

Assuming that Erlitou was the capital of the Xia Dynasty, which one of the following is not correct based on the archaeological evidence?

Question options:

	Workshops were used to produce pottery.
	Workshops indicate a Bronze Age civilization.
	Burial sites indicate an egalitarian social structure, where farmers and ruling elites interacted as equals.
	A central, walled palace complex points to a further stage in state development along the Yellow River, from chiefdoms to the first kingdom.

Question 37

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In China, the "the Mandate of Heaven" was a concept that described:

Question options:

	The spiritual foundation of Confucius' political ideas.
	A political theory that explained the rise and fall of dynasties.
	The appeal of Buddhism to the peasantry.
	Daoism's notion of balance and harmony with nature.

Question 38

0 / 2 points

Shang rulers and elites believed that the principal factor determining whether or not future events would be favorable to them was

Question options:

	maintaining military garrisons along the borders of their territorial state.
	correctly carrying out rituals to appease demons residing in the underworld.
	the spirits of their deceased ancestors.
	maintaining policies that benefited the agricultural producers.

Question 39

0 / 2 points

This is the first Chinese dynasty for which we have written records.

Question options:

	Xia
	Song
	Shang
	Qin

Question 40

0 / 2 points

Which of the following was not a teaching of Confucius?

Question options:

	Only individuals from noble backgrounds have the conditions necessary to become noble men (persons of virtue).
	For a state to govern well, those who govern should themselves be moral exemplars.
	The root of morality can be found in the home, where young people should learn to be respectful and reverent towards parents.
	Humaneness and demonstrating good etiquette are two of the essential virtues of a gentleman.

Question 41

0 / 2 points

Which one of the following was not true of the status of women during the Song Dynasty?

Question options:

	Social norms and laws placed them in a subordinate position.
	They were allowed to serve in minor offices in the government.
	After marriage, they might be expected to manage the household and educate the children.
	Their marriages were almost always arranged.

Question 42

0 / 2 points

Which of the following is not a part of East Asia?

Question options:

	Korea
	Japan
	China
	India

Question 43

0 / 2 points

How did warfare change during the Eastern Zhou and during the Warring States Period?

Question options:

	Rulers increasingly fielded large armies composed of cavalry and mass infantry.
	Over time, chariots became more important because large campaigns were conducted on plains.
	To maintain the honor of ancestors, codes of chivalry were introduced.
	As the scale of warfare grew, rulers increasingly relied on kinsmen to conduct their campaigns.

Question 44

0 / 2 points

Master Sun wrote China's most famous work on military strategy titled The Art of War just prior to:

Question options:

	The Mongol invasion of China.
	The Tang Dynasty's wars with Korea.
	Liu Bang's military victories that established him as emperor of China and founder of the Han Dynasty.
	The Warring States period in China.

Question 45

0 / 2 points

Which of the following is true regarding Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture?

Question options:

	While Yangshao Culture was located along the Yellow River, Longshan Culture was centered on the middle reaches of the Yangzi River.
	Longshan Culture preceded Yangshao Culture.
	Whereas Yangshao villagers primarily grew wheat and millet, Longshan villagers primarily cultivated rice.
	Based on the archaeological evidence, it appears that Longshan Culture was more complex.

Question 46

0 / 2 points

After the Qin Dynasty, the longest period of political fragmentation in Chinese history took place

Question options:

	between the Song and Yuan Dynasties, when the Mongols, led by Genghis Khan and eventually Khubilai Khan, kept invading China.
	between the Han and Tang Dynasties, during the time when Buddhism first spread into China.
	between the collapse of the Tang Dynasty and the founding of the Song Dynasty.
	between the Qin and Han Dynasties, when Liu Bang was contending with rival warlords to reunite China after the collapse of the Qin.

Question 47

0 / 2 points

The Yuan Dynasty:

Question options:

	Had its origins from the Chinese peasantry.
	Were Mongols.
	Were Koreans.
	Were Japanese.

Question 48

0 / 2 points

Which of the following was not a feature of the Shang Dynasty?

Question options:

	Governing territory beyond the capital and its environs through alliances and confederation.
	Large burial sites for rulers.
	Casting bronzes for the purpose of feeding the spirits of deceased ancestors.
	Walled buildings to prevent attacks by the nomadic pastoralists from Mongolia.

Question 49

0 / 2 points

Daoism

Question options:

	was utilized by the First Emperor of China to govern his realm.
	suggested that people can return to a natural way of being that is spontaneous and effortless.
	was built on Confucian ideas by adding a cosmological dimension to them.
	emphasized the importance of the scientific study of the natural world.

Question 50

0 / 2 points

The Shang Dynasty was

Question options:

	an imperial monarchy that had centralized control over the North China Plain through the use of large armies composed primarily of foot soldiers.
	a chiefdom governed by a tribal council.
	governed by a monarchy with a military bureaucracy that controlled a clearly defined territory.
	a monarchy that likely relied on confederations with local chieftains to control territory at a distance from Anyang.