Lecture Notes – Video Flashcards: Key Vocabulary (Medical Nursing Topics)

DKA and Glycemic Status

• DKA and hyperglycemia discussion: both conditions associated with elevated blood sugar levels; for DKA, blood sugar above 300 mg/dL is referenced as a benchmark: ext{SBG} > 300 ext{ mg/dL}.

• Garbled note on hypoglycemia symptoms: fragments include words like “hypo,” “cold,” “everything’s slow,” and “weight gain.” These lines are unclear, but they are listed as part of the transcription and may reflect a discussion of hypoglycemia symptoms; no definitive symptom list is provided in the transcript.

Edema, Blood Pressure, and Risk Factor Education

• Edema assessment points:

  • Extremities may have decreased temperature.

  • Orthostatic blood pressure change observations: example given where standing blood pressure differed from lying down.

• Standing vs. lying down BP example:

  • Standing reported around 198 (systolic) and dropping by at least 20 points on position change; in another case the drop was about 30 points.

• Education and lifestyle factors to reduce edema risk and cardiovascular risk:

  • Lower blood pressure (BP) and maintain cardiovascular health.

  • Stop smoking; decrease cholesterol.

  • Reduce stress; engage in regular exercise.

• Angina considerations referenced in context of risk factors: smoking, high cholesterol, and low activity discussed as contributing factors.

Unit Five: Complications, Respiratory Failure, and Diagnostic Tests

• Complications framing includes basic complications and respiratory failure.

• Diagnostic testing mentioned in a broader context (with a reference back to Strep throat):

  • Strep throat diagnosis via culture (caused by Streptococcus).

Strep Throat: Diagnosis and Complications

• Diagnosis:

  • Culture used to diagnose strep throat (Streptococcus species).

• Potential complications discussed:

  • Kidney involvement (nephritis) and heart involvement (cardiac impact) were mentioned as possible complications.

• Treatment adherence:

  • If diagnosed with strep throat, take the prescribed antibiotic for the full course; incomplete treatment can allow infection to progress and affect the heart or kidneys.

Tuberculosis (TB): Signs, Therapy, and Transmission Considerations

• Signs of hypoxia (relevant in the TB context) include:

  • Tachycardia, tachypnea, restlessness, cyanosis.

• TB therapy and resistance considerations:

  • Emphasis on completing the full course of TB medications to prevent resistance; discussion mentions the possibility of drug resistance and the need for a full course.

  • TB therapy can be lengthy, with a regimen potentially lasting up to 2 ext{ years}.

• Diagnostic/higher-level notes:

  • Additional diagnostics exist beyond the TB discussion in this section, but the TB discussion centers on treatment duration and adherence.

Meningitis: Types, Management, and Precautions

• Types:

  • Bacterial meningitis vs viral meningitis.

• Management approaches:

  • Viral meningitis: rest and IV fluids; antibiotics are not routinely used for viral meningitis.

  • Bacterial meningitis: aggressive management including isolation and prevention strategies (vaccines play a role in prevention).

• Precautions for meningitis:

  • Droplet precautions are indicated for preventing spread when meningitis is suspected or confirmed.

• Signs and symptoms:

  • Nausea, vomiting, fever, stiff neck (buccal rigidity) are highlighted as key symptoms.

• Population at risk:

  • College students noted as an at-risk group in the context of meningitis exposure.

Seizures: Management and Safety Precautions

• Immediate safety measures:

  • Protect the patient’s head during a seizure.

  • Have suction equipment at the bedside to secure the airway if needed.

  • Ensure surroundings are clear of hazards and sharp objects.

• Documentation and during-seizure care:

  • Time the seizure onset and duration; record the start time because longer seizures may require emergency medication.

• Post-seizure/assessment notes:

  • A broad note mentions neurological assessment and various potential causes; the transcript emphasizes documenting seizure onset time for potential emergency treatment (
    e.g., if seizure lasts more than three minutes, administer emergency medication as per protocol).

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) and Ocular Care

• Eye drop administration and systemic absorption:

  • To prevent systemic absorption of topical ocular medications, apply pressure to the inner canthus for one minute after administration.

• Vision-related signs and potential recovery:

  • Loss of central vision can be restored if treated early; tunnel vision is described as a possible symptom where vision becomes distorted.

• Other vision changes and cataracts:

  • Cataracts manifest as a cloudy lens with halos or floaters; post-operative lens removal is the treatment.

Cataracts: Signs and Post-Op Care

• Signs and symptoms:

  • Cloudy lens; halos or floaters; vision becomes blurry.

• Postoperative care:

  • Eye patch use according to doctor's instructions.

  • Sleep on the unaffected side after surgery.

  • Avoid straining and lifting as advised; use assistive devices if provided.

Pharmacology and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Notes

• Finasteride (Proscar) reference:

  • The term Proscar is used to refer to finasteride in the transcript; some discussion includes mispronunciation or misnaming (Prosclar).

• STI symptom comparisons:

  • Trichomoniasis in women: purulent, watery discharge; discomfort with urination could be present.

  • Gonorrhea in men: purulent, green-yellow discharge; women may experience foul odor and painful urination (as described in the transcript).

Postoperative Care: Mastectomy

• Postoperative nursing considerations:

  • No blood pressure measurements (BP) or IVs in the arm on the side of the mastectomy.

  • Encourage rang1pe of motion (ROM) exercises.

Abdominal Hysterectomy: Postoperative Nursing Care

• Postoperative considerations (transcript references):

  • General post-op nursing care; some lines mention cartilage discussion and joint context that are not directly related to hysterectomy, suggesting possible confusion in the notes.

Osteoporosis Prevention and Joint Health

• Preventive measures:

  • Calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

  • Regular physical activity.

  • Stop smoking; limit alcohol consumption.

• Related clinical signs:

  • Pain, decreased mobility, swelling, bruising, and abnormal joint position can occur with fractures and osteoporotic changes.

Fracture Management: Reduction and Fixation

• Fracture care options:

  • Closed reduction vs open reduction;

  • Internal or external fixation (ORIF: Open Reduction with Internal Fixation).

Aging and Geriatrics: Physiologic Changes

• General aging changes mentioned:

  • Decreased skin turgor and elasticity; diminished ciliary motion and mucociliary clearance.

  • Altered disease presentations and a shift in clinical priorities (palliative care vs curative approaches) in some contexts.

• Emphasis on geriatric care planning:

  • Acknowledgement of changing goals of care in advanced age.

Erik Erikson’s Theory: Ego Integrity vs Despair

• Stage discussed: Ego integrity versus despair (Ego integrity vs despair)

• Conceptual note:

  • Ego integrity reflects a sense of fulfillment and acceptance of one's life achievements; despair reflects regret and perceived unfulfillment.

• How it connects to care and aging:

  • Understanding patients’ psychosocial development helps tailor care and conversations about end-of-life issues and quality of life.

*(Notes reflect content as spoken in the transcript, including garbled or uncertain segments. Some sections contain lines that appear out of clinical context or include misnamings (e.g., medication brands) that were present in the source text. Where explicit guidance was given (e.g., TB treatment duration, eye drop technique, post-op BP/IV restrictions), those details are included as stated.)