AP Psych Semester 1 Review

 -Research

Positive correlation
Negative correlation
Illusory correlation

Operational definition

Independent variable
Dependent variable
Confounding variable

Target population

Representative sample

Opportunity sampling
Self-selected sampling
Random sampling
Stratified sampling

Informed consent
informed assent
Deception
debriefing
withdrawal
Confidentiality
protection from harm

Lab, survey
questionnaire
naturalistic observation
case study
meta-analysis

Bar graph
Pie graph
Line graph
scatterplot


Mean
Median
Mode
Range


-Personality

Defense mechanisms
Repression
Rationalization
Displacement
Regression
Projection
Reaction formation
Denial
sublimation

Hans Eysneck five factor model
Conscientiousness vs. impulsiveness
Agreeableness vs. antagonism
Neuroticism vs. emotional stability
Openness vs. resistance
Extroversion vs. introversion
Projective tests

TAT

Rorschach

-Development

Nature and nurture
Continuity vs stages
Stability vs change
Maturation
Critical period
Fine motor coordination
Gross motor coordination 

Cognitive development

Piaget's stages
Sensorimotor (birth-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete operational (7-11)
Formal operational (11-beyond)

Schema
Assimilation
Leveling
Sharpening
Scaffolding
Adolescent egocentrisim
Imaginary audience
Personal fable

-Cognition 

Heuristics
Representative heuristic
Availability heuristic
Affect heuristic
Retrivability heuristic

Obstacles to decision-making
Confirmation bias
Fixation
Mental set
Functional fixedness
Overconfidence
Belief perseverance
Gamblers fallacy
Sunk cost fallacy
Insight
intuition

Framing
nudge

Encoding memory
Explicit memory
Implicit memory
Effortful processing
Automatic processing
Chunking
Pnemuonics
Spacing effect
Serial position effect
Primacy effect
Recency effect
Testing effect

Retrieving

Shallow processing
Deep processing
Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Flashbulb memory

Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Alzimers disease
Infantile amnesia
Encoding failure
Proactive interference
Retroactive interfernce
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Repression
Misinformation effect
Source amnesia
Forgetting curve

-Learning

Classical conditioning
Neutral stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus
Unconditioned response
Conditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Acquisition
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Generalization
Discrimination
High order conditioning
Taste aversion
One trial conditioning
Preparedness
Aversive conditioning
counterconditioning

Operant conditioning
Shaping
Reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Reinforcement schedule
Continuous reinforcement schedule
Partial reinforcement schedule
Fixed ratio schedule
Variable ratio schedule
Fixed interval schedule
Variable interval schedule
Punishment
Positive punishment
Negative punishment
Generalization
Discrimination learning

Observational learning
Social learning theory
Vicarious conditioning
Modeling
Cognitive map
Latent learning
Insight
Instinctive drift
Superstitious behavior
Learned helplessness

-Motivation/Emotion

Arousal theory
Optimal arousal
Yerkes-dodson law

Approach-approach
Approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance

Facial expressions
Facial feedback effect
Broaden and build theory
Display rules
Nonverbal communication 

Theories of emotion
Emotion
James lange theory
Canon bard theory
Two factor theory