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  1. What type of bonds are found inside of a water molecule?

  2. What type of bonds are found between water molecules?

  3. Define cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.

  4. Are charged and/or polar molecules hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

  5. Are nonpolar molecules hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

  6. What are the monomers of nucleic acids called?

  7. What are the monomers of proteins called?

  8. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide called?

  9. What part of DNA contains the instructions for making proteins?

  10. Name 3 structural differences between DNA and RNA.

  11. What type of bonds are found between nucleotides in a strand of DNA?

  12. What type of bonds are found between complementary bases in complementary strands of DNA?

  13.  When describing DNA, what is meant by the term antiparallel?

  14. What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

  15. What is the job of DNA?

  16. What is a gene?

  17. What is a mutation?

  18. All mutations do not cause a change in a protein. Why?

  19. What are the complementary base pair rules?

  20. What group makes each amino acid different from other amino acids?

  21. What type of bonds are found in the    a. Primary level of protein structure         b. Secondary level 

  22. What groups are involved in the tertiary structure of a protein?

  23. What happens in the quaternary level of protein structure?

  24. What process joins molecules together by removing water?

  25. What process breaks molecules apart by adding water?

  26. What is the function of each of the following organelles?

    1. Ribosome     b. Mitochondria     c. Smooth ER     d. Rough ER     e. Lysosome     f. Nucleus

           g. Golgi     h. Cell Membrane     i. Cell Wall      j. Vacuole     k. Chloroplast      l. Central Vacuole

  1. How are prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?

  2. What cell structures from question 27 are found in prokaryotes?

  3. What is the function of each of the following parts of a cell membrane?

  1. Peripheral protein    b. Glycolipid/Glycoprotein     d. Cholesterol     e. Transmembrane protein  

  1. Describe the structure of the phospholipid bilayer, including the orientation of phospholipids.

  2. Why is the cell membrane described as selectively permeable (aka semi permeable)?

  3. What types of molecules can passively diffuse across the bilayer?

  4. What types of molecules need a transmembrane protein to diffuse?

  5. What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion?

  6. Do molecules passively diffuse from high to low or low to high concentration?

  7. Does passive transport use energy?

  8. Define osmosis.

  9. What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic?

  10. Does water move toward the hypertonic or hypotonic?

  11. What is an aquaporin?

  12. Transport proteins are specific as to what they transport. True or false? 

  13. How can a change in the producer level affect the number and size of other trophic levels?

  14. What is the difference between an autotroph and heterotroph?

  15. What is the purpose of cell division using mitosis?

  16. Why don’t bacteria perform mitosis?

  17. Be able to calculate SA:V ratios.

  18. Why are cells small?

  19. What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

  20. Why do lipids store more energy than carbohydrates?

  21. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

  22. In what types of organisms does photosynthesis occur?  Cellular respiration?

  23. Be able to interpret a diagram of the water cycle and the carbon cycle.

  24. What is the purpose of cell division using mitosis?

  25. What is the purpose of cell division using meiosis?

  26. Be able to perform a monohybrid and dihybrid cross.

  27. Know the difference in complete dominance, incomplete dominance, and codominance.

  28. Be able to read a pedigree to determine the genotypes of individuals.

  29. Be able to determine a phenotype if given a genotype.

  30. Be able to interpret a food chain and food web.

  31. Be able to read a climate graph.

  32. Explain how climate determines the type of biome in an area.

  33. Know the difference between biotic and abiotic factors.

  34. Know the difference between primary and secondary succession. 

  35. Be able to name some factors that can cause secondary succession.

  36. Be able to calculate trophic efficiency.

  37. Be able to recognize examples of predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, and competition.




  • Understand the impact of disturbances such as fires, floods, and human activities that can lead to secondary succession and restore ecosystems.