SPICE Charts - Units 6-9

Remember: the S is for Social, the P is for Political, the I is for Interaction with Environment, the C is for Cultural, and the E is for Economic!

Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization

S:

• Social Darwinism, which argued that white people were biologically superior in comparison in other races, was used to justify imperialism, as imperialists reasoned they had an inherent right to conquer other people

• Women sometimes gained authority and autonomy after their husbands left for indentured work abroad

• Due to the slave trade, the African diaspora came to include the United States of America and Caribbean countries

• Due to indentured servitude, major Indian populations were established in the Guianas, the Caribbean, South Africa, East Africa, the Mascarene Islands, and Fiji

• For the same reasons, major Chinese populations were established in California and Malaya, and a large Japanese population in Hawaii

P:

• Australia became a key penal colony for the British after they lost Georgia in the American Revolution

• India was the most important British colony, often referred to as the “jewel in the crown”, due to its massive population, large variety natural resources, and critical location near the Indian Ocean, China, and the Middle East

• During the Berlin Conference, Africa was split into several colonies under European control

• The United States took over Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines after winning the Spanish-American War (all three were once colonies of Spain)

• The Monroe Doctrine & the eventual Roosevelt Corollary established that the U.S. would militarily interfere if Europeans imperialized Latin America

• Japan followed in the footsteps of the Europeans and Americans by colonizing parts of East Asia, including Korea, Formosa (Taiwan), and Manchuria

• Siam (Thailand) remained free from imperial and colonial control by Europeans; it served as a critical buffer state between the British Raj and French Indochina

I:

• Guano (bat & seabird scat) was collected, often by indentured Polynesian & Chinese servants, for use as fertilizer; guano industries were typically located in Peru & Chile

• Diamonds from South Africa became an important natural resources as it was a highly sought over luxury good; companies like De Beers took advantage of this demand for increased profits

• The Suez Canal was built by a French company in Egypt (which became a British colony) to allow for a quicker way for products to reach Europe from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia (no more being forced to go around the Cape of Good Hope!)

• The Americans were given the rights to build the Panama Canal in modern-day Panama in exchange for supporting Panamanian independence from Columbia

C:

• Christian missionaries established schools in European colonies in Africa

• Migrants retained their cultural traditions, language, and religion while contributing to the cultural landscape of their new home

E:

• Economic imperialism was practiced, where powerful nations extend their economic power over weaker nations through direct investment, trade, or influence, often resulting in the exploitation of resources and labor

• Capitalist economies relied on forms of labor such as corvée labor, coerced labor, semicoerced labor, convict labor, and indentured servitude

Unit 7: Global Conflict

S:

P:

I:

C:

E:

Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization

S:

P:

I:

C:

E:

Unit 9: Globalization

S:

P:

I:

C:

E: