Memory - set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time

automatic processing, or the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words

effortful processing - requires time & effort

visual encoding - encoding of images

acoustic encoding - input of sounds, words and music

self-reference effect - tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance

Storage is the creation of a permanent record of information

sensory memory: storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes; couple secs then discarded

short-term memory (STM) - holds about seven bits of information before it is forgotten or stored, as well as information that has been retrieved and is being used

rehearsal - repetition of information to be remembered

long-term memory (LTM) - continuous storage of information

explicit memory - memories we consciously try to remember and recall

episodic memory - type of explicit memory that contains info about events we have personally experienced, aka autobiographical memory

semantic memory - type of explicit memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts

implicit memory - memories that are not part of our consciousness

procedural memory - type of long-term memory for making skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, and how to swim

retrieval - act of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness

recall - accessing info w/o cues

recognition - identifying previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue

relearning - learning information that was previously learned

engram - physical trace of memory

equipotentiality hypothesis - if part of one area of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part of the same area can take over that memory function

flashbulb memory - exceptionally clear recollection of an important event

Amnesia is the loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma.

anterograde amnesia, you cannot remember new information, although you can remember information and events that happened prior to your injury.

Suggestibility describes the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

misinformation effect paradigm, which holds that after exposure to additional and possibly inaccurate information, a person may misremember the original event.

seven sins of memory and categorizes them into three groups: forgetting, distortion, and intrusion

transience, which means that memories can fade over time.