Encomienda - spanish labor system - slavery of native americans
Barbados Slave Code - harsh laws controlling enslaved people - brutal treatment of slaves
Albany Congress - meeting of colonial representatives - first attempt to unite the colonies
Intolerable Act - shut down the Boston Harbor to punish after the Boston Tea Party - increased tensions
Valley Forge - winter camp for colonist troops - helped strengthen them
Articles of Confederation - first government framework - weak government, influenced Constitution
Shay’s Rebellion - farmers protest - showed weaknesses of AoC
Federalists - supporters of the constitution - argued for strong national government
Bill of Right - the first 10 amendments of the us constitution - individual freedom and rights
Bank of United States - National bank by ALexander Hamilton - helped stabilize economy but gave government too much power
Whiskey Rebellion - protest against the tax on whiskey - showed the strength of the Constitution
Farewell Address - George Washinton’s final speech - warned against political parties and foreign alliances
Sedition Act - Restricted speech against the government - violates freedom of speech
Alexander Hamilton - founding father, secretary of the treasury - shaped financial system
Marbury vs. Madison - supreme court case that established judicial review - allows courts to declare laws unconstitutional
Louisiana Purchase - US bought Louisiana from France - encouraged expansion
Embargo Act - Law banning trade with foreign nations - hurt US economy
Impressment - Forcing sailors into the British Navy - cause for War of 1812
War Hawks - congressman pushing for war with Britain - helped lead War of 1812
War of 1812 - US vs Britain - strengthened US nationalism and confirmed independence
American System - economic plan by Henry Clay - strengthen the US economy through tariffs
Era of good Feelings - period of political unity and national pride - dominance of Democratic-Republicans
Panic of 1819 - Economic depression - first major financial crisis leading to distrust in banks
Missouri Compromise - balanced the number of slave and free states - easing tension over slavery
Monroe Doctrine - policy that Europe should not interfere in the Americas - shaped foreign policies
Spoils System - practice of giving gov jobs to political supporters - increased corruption
Nullification Crisis - conflict between states’ rights and federal government - increaed tensions
Indian Removal Act - Jackson relocated Native Americans West - Trail of Tears
Trail of Tears
Bank War - struggle over the rechartering of the national bank - Jackson opposed bank, collapes
Pet Banks - state banks - financial issues > Panic of 1837
Specie Circular - requirement for land to be purchased with metal - shortage of money > Panic of 1837
Panic of 1837 - economic depression - widespread unemployment
Alamo - battle during Texas revolution - inspired Texas fight for independence
Self Reliance - essay by Ralph Waldo - promoted idea of individualism and independence
Tammany Hall - political organization - helped immigrants become more politcally involved
Know-Nothing - anti-immigrant party - rising of nativism
Cotton Gin - machine that increase cotton production - need for more slaves
Industrial Revolution - machine-based manufacting - changed economies, increased urbanization
Cult of Domesticity - idealistic women, influenced gender gaps and roles
Factory Girls - women who worked in the factory - slightly closed gender gaps
Market Revolution - expanision of tade and industry - economic gorwth and changes
Second Great Awakening - religious revival - social reforms, womens rights, abolition
American Temperance Society - organization for banning alcohol - temperance movement
Seneca Falls Convention - womens rights convention - start of womens suffrage movement
Transcendentalism - philisophical movement - individualism and connection to nature
Shakers - religious group - communal living and celibacy
Joseph Smith - founder of mormonism - influential religious group in America