MOL BIO 1 new

  1. The uptake of recombinant DNA into a host bacterium is facilitated through heat shock, electroporation, or chemical methods that occur during this step of the DNA recombinant technique:

    a. DNA restriction

    b. DNA ligation

    c. Protein product purification

    d. Transformation


    ANSWER: Transformation


  2. Recombinant DNA Technology applied in the production of pest-resistant corn and eggplant uses this program:

    a. Bacillus thuringienesis

    b. Escherichia coli

    c. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    d. Thermus aquaticus


    ANSWER: Bacillus thuringienesis


  3. Recombinant DNA technology applied in the production of insulin is using these organisms:

    a. Bacillus thuringienesis and Escherichia coli

    b. Bacillus thuringienesis and Thermus aquaticus

    c. Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    d. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Thermus aquaticus


    ANSWER: Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae


  4. Online bioinformatics tools are helpful in this step of PCR:

    a. Denaturation

    b. Annealing

    c. Extension

    d. Designing a primer


    ANSWER: Designing a primer


  5. The purpose of the denaturation step in PCR:

    a. to separate DNA strands

    b. to anneal primers

    c. to synthesize new DNA strands

    d. to amplify DNA


    ANSWER: to separate DNA strands


  6. The role of primers in a PCR reaction:

    a. Elongate DNA strand

    b. Initiate DNA synthesis

    c. Provide a starting point for DNA synthesis

    d. Break the hydrogen bonds in DNA strands


    ANSWER: Provide a starting point for DNA synthesis


  7. In the PCR, the annealing temperature is the temperature at which—

    a. DNA strands are separated

    b. primers bind to the target DNA

    c. new DNA strands are synthesized

    d. DNA is denatured


    ANSWER: primers bind to the target DNA


  8. The final step in a PCR cycle:

    a. denaturation

    b. annealing

    c. extension

    d. primer design


    ANSWER: extension


  9. The flow of genetic information involved in the RT-PCR:

    a. DNA-dependent

    b. RNA dependent


    ANSWER: RNA-dependent


  10. Component of the flow of genetic information that involves Taq polymerase:

    a. Replication

    b. Transcription

    c. Translation

    d. Post-translational modification


    ANSWER: Replication


  11. To be useful in PCR, polymerases from microbes should be—

    a. Thermostable

    b. Thermolabile


    ANSWER: Thermostable


  12. The phase of DNA amplification that is relevant to the detection of viral pathogens—

    a. baseline

    b. exponential

    c. linear

    d. plateau


    ANSWER: exponential


  13. The most important step in conduction a polymerase chain reaction experiment—

    a. designing a primer

    b. denaturation

    c. annealing

    d. extension


    ANSWER: Designing a primer


  14. A key principle underlying Maxam-Gilbert DNA sequencing is—

    a. Fluorescent labeling of DNA

    b. Chemical modification of specific bases

    c. PCR amplification

    d. Gel electrophoresis for separation


    ANSWER: Chemical modification of specific bases


  15. The purpose of denaturation in Maxam-Gilbert sequencing:

    a. to amplify DNA

    b. to separate DNA strands

    c. to label DNA with radioisotopes

    d. to visualize DNA bands on a gel


    ANSWER: to separate DNA strands


  16. In the Maxam-Gilbert DNA technique, this is how the base sequence is determined:

    a. Fluorescent labeling of target sequences

    b. Nucleotide bases are chemically modified then DNA fragments are electrophoresed

    c. Polymerase chain reaction terminated by terminator nucleotides then electrophoresed

    d. Separation of fragments by size


    ANSWERS: Nucleotide bases are chemically modified then DNA fragments are electrophoresed


  17. In the Sanger technique, the exact sequences of nucleotide bases are determined by:

    a. Fluorescent labeling of target sequences

    b. Nucleotide bases are chemically modified then DNA fragments are electrophoresed

    c. Polymerase chain reaction terminated by terminator nucleotides then electrophoresed

    d. Separation of fragments by size


    ANSWERS: Polymerase chain reaction terminated by terminator nucleotides then electrophoresed


  18. The earliest version of next-generation sequencing:

    a. Maxam-Gilbert

    b. Sanger Sequencing

    c. Sequencing by synthesis

    d. Oxford nanopore


    ANSWER: Sequencing by synthesis


  19. NOT true about quantitative PCR (qPCR)

    a. It measures the amount of amplified DNA in real-time

    b. It can provide information on gene expression levels

    c. It is also known as digital PCR

    d. It does not require a thermal cycler


    ANSWER: It does not require a thermal cycler


  20. The purpose of the gel electrophoresis of PCR products:

    a. to separate DNA strands

    b. to visualize and confirm amplification

    c. to denature DNA

    d. to anneal primers


    ANSWER: to visualize and confirm amplification