bio 200

Page 1

Page 2: Learning Outcomes

  • Explain the five core concepts of biology.

  • Classify a question as testing one of the five core concepts with reasoning.

  • Identify types of covalent bonds (polar, nonpolar) based on electronegativities (C, N, O, H).

  • Predict molecule polarity as primarily hydrophobic or hydrophilic.

  • Draw potential hydrogen bonds between molecules.

  • Explain bonds and energies: understand the relationship between bond types and stored potential energy.

Page 3: Key Vocabulary

  • Introduced terms: electronegativity, covalent bonds, polar/nonpolar, hydrophobic/hydrophilic, hydrogen bonds, potential energy.

  • Core concepts: Information flow; Structure function; Energy transformation; Evolution; Systems.

Page 4: Genotype and Phenotype

  • Explain molecular relationship between genotype and phenotype.

  • Provide examples of how genotype changes impact phenotype and fitness.

  • Describe how DNA mutations lead to changes in protein sequence.

  • Understand the logic of genetic screens and predict single or double mutant phenotypes.

  • Draw DNA models and compare RNA and DNA.

  • Describe information flow from DNA to protein: where molecules are located in the cell.

  • Create an analogy for DNA to RNA to protein flow.

  • Explain gene expression variability.

  • Describe transcription and translation processes with specific factors.

  • Compare/contrast transcription in bacteria vs. eukaryotes.

  • Convert DNA to RNA to protein using codon tables.

  • Predict impacts of disrupting transcription/translation machinery.

Page 5: Vocabulary for Information Flow

  • Key terms: DNA, mRNA, proteins, allele, genome, metabolic pathway, nucleotide, 5' vs. 3', ribose vs. deoxyribose, phosphate group.

  • Functions of RNA Polymerase, sigma factors, upstream/downstream concepts.

Page 6: Class Structure & Goals

  • Classroom community-building and balance.

  • Structured core concepts & learning reflections.

  • Encouraged peer discussion and random call methods.

Page 7: Teaching Team Introduction

  • Instructor, course coordinators, and teaching assistants listed.

Page 8: Overall Class Goals

  • Building a community, providing practice opportunities, balancing structure and flexibility.

Page 9: Class Structure Details

  • Weekly outlines including study guides, readings, peer discussions, labs, and review sessions.

  • Engagement & questions encouraged throughout the week.

Page 10: Biology Scales

  • Understanding biological timescales from microbe to multicellular organism, relevant to course context.

Page 11: Organizing Biology Content

  • Essential terms related to various branches of biology including genetics, ecology, and cellular processes.

Page 12: Five Core Biology Concepts

  • Overview of key concepts represented across all biology fields: evolution, structure & function, energy transformations, systems, information flow.

Page 13: Information Flow Questions

  • Framework for exploring information transmission in cells.

Page 14: Structure & Function Questions

  • Inquiry on cell/structure optimization and influence of structural changes on function.

Page 15: Energy & Matter Transformations

  • Questions on energy input/output and storage throughout biological processes, reflecting thermodynamic laws.

Page 16: Evolution Core Concept

  • Questions on phenotype variation, mutation/environmental impacts, heritable traits, fitness levels.

Page 17: Systems Concept Questions

  • Focus on system components and their relationships.

Page 18: Discussion and Practices

  • Engagement in peer discussions to encourage understanding and accountability.

Page 19: Core Concept Worksheet

  • Task for classifying biology questions according to core concepts.

Page 20: Darwin’s Evolution Postulates

  • Overview of Darwin’s principles related to variation, heredity, survival, and reproduction.

Page 21 & 22: Antibiotic Resistance Connection

  • Explanation of how mutations can lead to antibiotic resistance, framed as a public health issue.

Page 23: Practice Suggestions

  • Recommendations for study group activities to reinforce learning.

Page 24: Home Activities

  • Model creation tasks related to genetic principles.

Page 25: Applying Knowledge

  • Analyze the relationship between antibiotic resistance and Darwinian postulates.

Pages 26-32: Core Concepts Classification

  • Practical questions guiding the classification of biology questions across core concepts.

Page 33-35: Mendelian Genetics

  • Insights into Mendelian inheritance demonstrated through pea plant traits and phenotypes.

Page 36-44: Information Flow - Mechanisms of Gene Expression

  • Comprehensive review discussing genetic information flow from DNA to proteins and how various factors impact transcription and translation.

Page 45-47: DNA Structure and Mechanisms

  • Descriptive focus on DNA structure, including the double helix, hydrogen bonding, and nucleotide pairings.

Page 48-52: Experimental Discoveries in DNA Structure

  • Perspectives on key historical discoveries that elucidated DNA's double helix structure and significance.

Page 53-54: Hydrogen Bonds in DNA

  • Examination of hydrogen bonding between nucleotide pairs and its role in DNA stability.

Page 55-59: Main Points of Life Chemistry

  • Overview of bond types, polarity, hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics, and the relevance of these factors in biological systems.

Page 60-66: Focus on Transcription

  • Learning outcomes address transcription processes including RNA synthesis and initiation factors.

Page 67-78: RNA & Translation Mechanisms

  • Discussions on how RNA functions and interacts within the cell during translation.

Page 79-84: Practical Expectations in Biology 200

  • Learning materials and tasks involve protein structure, enzymatic actions, and foundational principles in catalysis.

Page 85-90: Transcription & Translation Practices

  • Instructional content that solidifies understanding of RNA's functional roles in protein synthesis through specific biochemical pathways.

Page 91-95: Codon Encoding and Translation Practices

  • Practical exercises recognizing the significance of codon sequences and their roles in translation.

Page 96-100: Main Points in Translation

  • Key features of protein synthesis processes outlined for better comprehension and mastery of material.

Page 101-103: Genome & Gene Size Understanding

  • Discussion framing genome size across different organisms and gene lengths, fostering context in genetic exploration.

Page 104-106: Structure & Function Learning Outcomes

  • Insight into protein structure relating to its function with focus on bonds and structural attributes.

Page 107-112: Protein Structure Activities

  • Encouragement to engage in structured learning activities focused on protein structure analysis and functionality.

Page 113-122: Enzyme Dynamics

  • Explanation of enzyme activity under various conditions allowing for understanding catalytic behavior and regulation.

Page 123-130: Study Recommendations & Key Takeaways

  • Structural insights combining enzyme functions, coupled reactions, and overall proficiency advancements in biology studies.

Page 131-160: Advanced Discussions on Enzymatic Regulation

  • Detailed examination of enzyme functions, impact on biological pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and how mutations might alter functionality.