Ghost Shrimp Lab Flashcards
Q: What is the main focus of the Ghost Shrimp lab?
A: To observe the effects of plant-derived chemicals on the shrimp’s circulatory system.
Q: What type of circulatory system do ghost shrimp have?
A: Open circulatory system.
Q: What are the three drugs tested in the lab?
A: Caffeine, Nicotine, Ethanol
Q: What effect do stimulants have on heart rate?
A: They increase the heart rate.
Q: What effect do depressants have on heart rate?
A: They decrease the heart rate.
Q: How is the shrimp’s heart rate measured?
A: By counting the pulsations in the dorsal blood vessel under a microscope.
Q: What is the importance of calculating standard deviation in experiments?
A: It shows the variability and precision of the data.
Q: What color is ghost shrimp blood, and why?
A: Blue, due to copper-based hemolymph.
Q: Why are ghost shrimp a good model for circulatory experiments?
A: Their transparent bodies allow for easy observation of blood flow.
Q: What is the purpose of the recovery time measurement?
A: To see how long it takes for shrimp to return to normal heart rate after drug exposure.
Evolution Lab Flashcards
Q: What is natural selection?
A: A process where organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce more successfully.
Q: What is genetic drift?
A: A random change in allele frequencies due to chance events, especially in small populations.
Q: What is gene flow?
A: The transfer of alleles from one population to another due to migration.
Q: What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)?
A: A theoretical state where allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary forces.
Q: What are the five conditions for HWE?
A: 1) Large population size, 2) No mutations, 3) Random mating, 4) No gene flow, 5) No natural selection.
Q: What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation for allele frequencies?
A: p + q = 1, where p is the dominant allele frequency and q is the recessive allele frequency.
Q: What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation for genotype frequencies?
A: p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where:
Q: How do you calculate allele frequency?
A:
Q: How does selection pressure affect allele frequencies?
A: Negative selection decreases the frequency of less fit alleles, while positive selection increases favorable allele frequencies.
Q: How does genetic drift impact allele frequencies?
A: It causes random fluctuations in allele frequencies, which are more significant in smaller populations.
Q: What was the purpose of using colored beads in the experiment?
A: To simulate allele inheritance and track changes in allele frequencies over generations.
Q: What happens to a population under 100% negative selection pressure?
A: The selected genotype is eliminated over generations, leading to a decrease in its allele frequency.
Q: How does gene flow affect two separate populations?
A: It makes allele frequencies more similar between populations over time.
Q: What is the bottleneck effect?
A: A drastic reduction in population size due to an event, leading to reduced genetic diversity.
Q: What is the founder effect?
A: When a small group starts a new population, leading to reduced genetic variation.
Q: How do you interpret a genotype frequency graph?
A: A stable line suggests equilibrium, while a changing trend indicates evolutionary forces at work.
Q: How does standard deviation help in evolutionary studies?
A: It measures variation in allele frequencies and determines if changes are significant.
Q: What does a genetic drift simulation show?
A: That allele frequencies fluctuate randomly, potentially leading to fixation or loss of alleles.
Q: What role does sample size play in genetic drift?
A: Smaller populations experience more extreme allele frequency changes due to chance.
Q: What does it mean if allele frequencies deviate from HWE predictions?
A: Evolution is occurring due to factors like selection, mutation, or migration.
Knowt
Note
Studied by 4017 people
