Unit 2 Psychology review

Describe each of the developmental theories in the chart below

Theories of Developmental Psychology

Cognitive

Moral

Psychosocial

Theorist: Piaget


4 stages


Levels and/or Stages


  • Sensorimotor Stage

    • 0-2 years old

    • Explore the world using senses

  • Preoperational Stage

    • 2-7 years old

    • Represent ideas using shapes, symbols, and words. Discover that when things are no longer in line of sight they are still there.

  • Concrete operational Stage

    • 7-11 years old

    • Learn about the principle of conservation. 

  • Formal operational Stage

    • 12+

    • Learn how to think logically about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.
















Theorist: Lawrence Kohlberg


Levels and/or stages


6 stages


  • Pre-Conventional stage (thinking determined by punishments and rewards)

    • Obedience and Punishment

      • The person wonders “Will I be punished if I do this”

    • Self-interest

      • The person wonders “What’s in it for me?”

  • Conventional stage (thinking determined by societal standards)

    • Conformity

      • The person wonders “What will other people think of me?”

    • Authority and maintaining social order

      • The person wonders “How can I maintain law and order”

  • Post-conventional stage (thinking determined by what an individual/their beliefs deem to be right)

    • Social Contract

      • The person wonders “Does this law truly serve everyone?”

    • Universal ethical principles.

      • The person wonders “What is my understanding of justice?”


















Theorist: Erik Erikson



Levels and/or stages


8 stages



  • Trust vs Mistrust

    • 0-2 years old

    • When this crisis is successfully resolved, our mothers/parent develops a sense of security throughout our infancy

  • Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

    • 2-4 years old

    • When this crisis is successfully resolved, Both parents allow us to explore ourselves and the world around us so we don't develop shame and self-doubt.

  • Initiative vs Guilt

    • 4-5 years old

    • When this crisis is successfully resolved, Our family encourages us to follow our interests.

  • Industry vs Inferiority

    • 5-12 years old

    • When this crisis is successfully resolved, we receive recognition from our teachers and peers.

  • Identity vs Role Confusion

    • 13-19 years old

    • When this crisis is successfully resolved, peers and role models allow us to go and explore ourselves, resulting in a found identity.

  • Intimacy vs Isolation

    • 20-40 years old

    • When this crisis is successfully resolved, we form intimate relationships and commitments that prevent us from feeling lonely.

  • Generativity vs Stagnation

    • 40-65 years old

    • When this crisis is successfully resolved, we become confident in our ability to lead the next generation due to the resolution of previous conflicts and crises

  • Ego Integrity vs Despair

    • 65+ years old

    • When this crisis is successfully resolved, we feel good about our past and die content.























Directions: Draw a picture of what physical development usually looks like during each stage

Stages of Prenatal Development

Germinal Weeks (1-2)

Embryonic (weeks 3-8)

Fetal (weeks 9-38)









On the provided lines, identify 1 example of a teratogen and explain how it could impact each of the domains of human development


Alcohol is a teratogen that impacts the physical domain of a baby’s human development by causing facial malformations, it impacts the cognitive domain of baby’s human development by causing learning/intellectual disabilities, and it affects the Socio-emotional domain of a baby’s human development by causing fetal alcohol syndrome (which entails issues in behavior that could impact how the baby interacts with it's environment)

              SCHEMA                     ACCOMMODATION                        EGOCENTRISM                        OBJECT PERMANENCE



                                       CONSERVATION                                 ASSIMILATION                        TERATOGEN

Directions: Use the terms in the textbook to complete the statements below.


In psychology, the way in which people modify their existing schemas to incorporate new information or experiences is called Accommodation. 



Egocentrism is a form of cognitive bias that is typical of younger children that prevents them from understanding the needs or views of others while placing a heavy emphasis on their own.



Congenital disabilities, or birth defects such as physical, behavioral, and intellectual disorders are largely attributed to Teratogen during pregnancy. 


In psychology, a Schema is a cognitive framework or concept that helps organize and interpret information.


According to Piaget, when a child realizes that cows eat the same amount of grass regardless of the spatial location of the grass, they have demonstrated the law of Conservation. 


Assimilation is the cognitive process of making new information fit in with your existing understanding of the world.