Unit 2 Psychology review

What are the four stages in Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory?

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete-operational, formal operational

What is the age range for the sensorimotor stage?

0-2

What is the age range for the Preoperational Stage?

2-7

What is the age range for the Concrete-Operational Stage?

7-11

What is the age range for the Formal-Operational Stage?

12+

What is the focus of the Sensorimotor Stage in Piaget's theory?

Children exploring the world using their senses

In which stage do children learn about the principle of conservation according to Piaget?

Concrete Operational Stage

What cognitive ability is developed in the Formal Operational Stage?

Logical thinking about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.

Who proposed the Moral Development Theory with 6 stages?

Lawrence Kohlberg.

What are the two stages in the Pre-Conventional level of Kohlberg's theory?

Obedience and Punishment, and Self-interest

What does the person wonder during the Obedience and Punishment stage?

Will I be punished if I do this?

At what stage do individuals make decisions based on law and order?

Authority and maintaining social order stage

What is the main focus of the Post-conventional level in Kohlberg's theory?

Thinking determined by individual beliefs and principles.

What is the first stage in Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory?

Trust vs Mistrust (0-2 years old)

What outcome results from successfully resolving the Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt stage?

Exploration of self and the world without developing shame and self-doubt.

During which stage do individuals form intimate relationships according to Erikson?

Intimacy vs Isolation (20-40 years old)

What is achieved in the Industry vs Inferiority stage?

Recognition from teachers and peers

What conclusion is reached in the final stage, Ego Integrity vs Despair?

A feeling of contentment about one's past

What are the three stages of Prenatal Development?

Germinal, embryonic, fetal

What is a teratogen and its impact on physical development?

A substance that negatively affects the developing fetus

How does alcohol impact cognitive development in a fetus?

It can cause learning and intellectual disabilities.

How does alcohol impact socio-emotional development in a fetus?

It can cause Fetal Alcohol syndrome which affects the way a child behaves.

What is Accommodation in cognitive psychology?

Modifying existing schemas to incorporate new information

Define Egocentrism in child development.

A cognitive bias in younger children that focuses on their own needs, neglecting the needs of others

Where do congenital disabilities primarily stem from during pregnancy?

Exposure to teratogens

What is a Schema in psychology?

A cognitive framework for organizing and interpreting information

What law demonstrates a child's understanding that quantity is unchanged despite spatial arrangement?

The Law of Conservation

What is Assimilation in cognitive development?

The process of integrating new information into existing understanding.