Module 1.2 BIO122

Flashcard 1
Q: What is pathology?
A: Study of structural and functional changes in cells, tissues, and organs that underlie disease.

Flashcard 2
Q: Name the “Four Horsemen” of pathology.
A: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Morphological Changes, Clinical Manifestations.

Flashcard 3
Q: What is etiology?
A: The cause of disease or the factors that increase risk.

Flashcard 4
Q: What is a risk factor? Give an example.
A: A factor that increases likelihood of developing disease; e.g., smoking increases lung cancer risk.

Flashcard 5
Q: What is pathogenesis?
A: The sequence of events leading from the cause to the disease’s final outcome.

Flashcard 6
Q: What are morphological changes?
A: Observable structural changes in cells, tissues, or organs due to disease.

Flashcard 7
Q: What are clinical manifestations?
A: Signs and symptoms observed in a patient due to disease.

Flashcard 8
Q: Define a “sign” and give two examples.
A: Objective, measurable, observed by others; e.g., high blood pressure, vomiting.

Flashcard 9
Q: Define a “symptom” and give two examples.
A: Subjective, reported by the patient; e.g., pain, nausea.

Flashcard 10
Q: Why is distinguishing between signs and symptoms important?
A: Helps in accurate diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning.