Untitled Flashcards Set

Period 5: 1844-1877

1.     Territorial Acquisition

a.     Manifest Destiny

b.     How Texas becomes a state

c.     Oregon (Trail), boots on the ground

d.     Mexican-American War

e.     Gadsden Purchase

f.      Balance of Power in the Senate

g.     Slavery goes West

h.     Kansas-Nebraska Act

i.      Popular Sovereignty

j.      Missouri Compromise

k.     Compromise of 1850

l.      Ours, not theirs. Superiority of American institutions.  You gonna eat that?

m.   Alaska, Seward’s Folly

n.     Railroad growth, Promontory Point Utah, Leland Stanford

o.     Gold Rush 1848-49

2.     Growth of Immigration

a.     German and Irish dominate in Period 5

b.     Ethnic enclaves (like Swiss in Highland, Germans in Millstadt, Italians on The Hill district of St. Louis)

c.     Nativism Grows, Know Nothing Party emerges, Strong anti-masonic and anti-Catholic sentiment

d.     US Government begins to control the economy of people in new territories (Mexican, Indian…) altering their culture and self-sufficiency

3.     Mexican-American War

a.     Manifest Destiny, Desire for Southern Slave States, Soil Exhaustion

b.     Nueces vs. Rio Grande Rivers

c.     Lincoln, show me the spot, troops killed on US soil?

d.     Winfield Scott trains a generation of Civil War officers

e.     Zachary Taylor

f.      Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

4.     Approach of Civil War

a.      Southern slavery apologetics

                                               i.     Planter aristocracy

                                             ii.     Roderick Dew, Positive Good Theory, Biblical arguments, Curse of Ham

                                           iii.     George Fitzhugh, Great civilization theory, Racial theory, Sociology – Cradle to Grave care, industrial north comparison to the slave south

                                            iv.     Southern Schools rewrite textbooks

                                             v.     Josiah Nott, Samuel Cartwright, Dropthymania

                                            vi.     Seek to maintain balance of power in Senate

                                          vii.     Legacy of 3/5ths compromise

                                        viii.     Support of Mex-Am war for the creation of new slave states

                                            ix.     Social Darwinism

b.     Mexican Cession, slavery in new territories, Wilmot Proviso

c.     Congressional Tension

                                               i.     Gag Rule

                                             ii.     Brooks and Sumner

                                           iii.     Wilmot Proviso

                                            iv.     Crittenden Compromise

                                             v.     Lecompton Constitution

5.     Causes of Civil War

a.     Slave Importation Ban 1808

b.     States’ Rights/Federalism/Nullification/VA-KY Resolutions

c.     KS/NE Act

d.     Bleeding Kansas, Border Ruffians

e.     Lecompton Constitution and James Buchanan

f.      New territory: Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, Mex-Am War

g.     Dred Scott

h.     Balance of Power in the Senate

i.      Sectionalism: Immigration, Urbanization, Tech/Industrial development, 2^nd GA

j.      John Brown, Harper’s Ferry

k.     Brooks and Sumner, Gag Rule, Wilmot Proviso, Crittendon Compromise

l.      Election of 1860, Lincoln, No Southern electoral college votes, 4 parties (Southern Dem, Republican, Northern Dem, Constitutional Union), Douglas, Freeport Doctrine

m.   Secession, Jefferson Davis, Ft. Sumter

6.     Why the North Wins

a.     Industry and Farming

b.     Immigration

c.     Population

d.     Tooth-to-Tail ratio

e.     Railroads

f.      Bank Deposits

g.     Navy/Blockade

h.     Moral high ground, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address

i.      Anaconda Plan

7.     Southern and Northern Advantages

a.     South: Generals, Don’t have to conquer, gun/hunting culture

b.     North: see above

8.     Southern and Northern Disadvantages

a.     South: Blockade, little money, soldiers can’t be replaced, little supplies, can’t project power into the North, Emancipation proclamation limited a commitment from foreign powers, vulnerable infrastructure (Sherman)

b.     North: NY Draft riots, poor leaders (political appointees)

9.     Notable events: Wilson’s Raid, Use of Negro Troops (54^th Mass.) at Ft. Wagner, Antietam, Gettysburg, Sherman’s March, Monitor and Meramec, First Bull Run, Appomattox Court House, Fall of Richmond

10.  Lincoln’s Assassination, John Wilkes Booth, Andrew Johnson

11.  Social and Political Developments during the War

a.     Morrill Land Grant 1862

b.     Homestead Act 1862

c.     Pacific Railway Act 1862

d.     Income Tax

e.     Draft

f.      NYC Draft Riots

g.     British interference with a Confederate Navy

12.  Reconstruction, effort to change the South

a.     Johnson, Impeachment, Tenure of Office Act

b.     New Definition of Citizenship

                                               i.     13^th Amendment, no more slavery

                                             ii.     14^th Amendment, full citizenship for freed slaves

                                           iii.     15^th Amendment, voting rights

c.     Emergence of new womens’ rights movement due to the end of slavery

d.     Sharecropping emerges from the ashes of slave labor

e.     Gains in the South are short lived for African-Americans

f.      Corrupt Bargain: Rutherford B. Hayes

g.     Troops out of the South, Southern Transcontinental RR

h.     Poor Whites become sharecroppers as well

i.      Poll tax, literacy tests, Grandfather clauses limit voting for African-Americans in the South, gerrymandering

j.      Carpetbaggers and Copperheads take advantage of a vulnerable South during Reconstruction

k.     Segregation dominates the South, Black Codes, Jim Crow

l.      Redeemers, Lynchings, KKK, White League, “A White Man’s Government”