CWC II flashcards
Romanticism (pages 796-799)
What is the definition of Romanticism?
What are the characteristics of Romanticism?
Who were major Romantic figures in the following areas?
Literature
For example, Les Miserables by Victor Hugo and the characters of Jean val Jean and Javer
Art
Poetry
Architecture?
What was Romanticism a reaction against?
How has Romanticism influenced our world?
Romantic Intellectual Thinkers
Jeremy Bentham (textbook pages 802-803)
What was utilitarianism?
What is the pleasure principle in utilitarianism?
Did utilitarianism support natural rights? Why or why not?
Why did Bentham support democracy and oppose nobility?
John Stuart Mill (textbook pages 803-804)
What type of philosophy did Mill adopt?
Why did he support unions?
Why did he support women’s suffrage?
Why did he oppose British imperialism? Speculate on how opposing imperialism relates to his philosophy?
Who was Auguste Comte? (textbook pages 880-881)
What is positivism
Why do we care about him
G.W.F. Hegel
What were the three parts of the dialectic?
For Hegel, what is the engine that moved society forward?
How did Hegel view history?
Who did Hegel influence and how?
Karl Marx (1818-1883) ( pages 881-883)
Who influenced Marx?
What historical period was Marx writing in response to? Why?
What did Marx believe drove history and human society?
What were the five stages of human history for Marx?
What was the means of production for Marx and why was its ownership always a source of conflict in society?
What is class consciousness according to Marx?
Explain each economic class in the industrial capitalism stage of history:
Bourgeoisie
Petite Bourgeoise
Proletariat
For Marx, what was necessary for revolution to usher in the 5th and final stage of history, communism?
For Marx, what was communism like? In other words, what were its characteristics?
Has there ever been a country that fully followed Marx’s ideas? Why or why not?
How are Marx's ideas influential in 20th century history? What was the Cold War?
Marx wrote “workers of the world, unite…you have nothing to lose but your chains” in the Communist Manifesto. What did he mean by that statement?
Explain what Marx meant when he called nationalism and religion the “opiate of the masses.”
Charles Darwin 1809-1882 (pages 882-884 in textbook)
Who was Charles Lyell and what was his contribution?
Aristotle and other thinkers thought every organism had a telos? What is telos and what does the concept of telos imply?
Traditionally, thinkers who accepted the traditional idea of telos accepted the concept of fixity of species. Did Darwin and why is that important?
What major work did Darwin publish in 1859?
What is natural selection?
What is “fitness” for Darwin?
For Darwin, what is the “telos” of all organisms? How does that change of “telos” affect the former special status of humans?
How did Darwinism change western culture?
Sigmund Freud (textbook pages 984-986)
Prior to Freud, many western thinkers believed human beings were rational. What two things motivated human beings according to Freud? Why is that change important?
Freud believed the subconscious mind constantly had conflict. Explain, according to Freud, the three parts of one’s personality:
ID
Ego
Superego
Freud also stressed the libido. What is that?
Oedipal Complex
Electral Complex
Explain how Freud’s ideas changed western culture.
Friedrich Nietzsche 1844-1900 (textbook page 924)
Why was Nietzsche critical of the Judeo-Christian tradition?
What was the slave mentality that he thought the Judeo-Christian tradition fostered?
What were the “weak” values of the Judeo-Christian tradition that Nietzsche rejected and said made western culture “soft?”
What were the values of the ancient Greeks that Nietzsche embraced?
What influence did Nietzsche’s rejection of Judeo ideas have on the 20th century?
What did Nietzsche mean when he wrote “God is Dead”?
For Nietzsche, what were “evil” and “good” as concepts?
For Nietzsche, was there any objective truth? Why or why not?
For Nietzsche, what was the will to power?
For Nietzsche, what is the ubermensch and what are the characteristics of the ubermensch?
For Nietzsche, what was eternal recurrence?
In what ways did Marx, Darwin, Freud and Nietzsche radically change western thought and views of humanity? See the Renaissance painting of Michelangelo below for reference:
19th century Society and Government
What caused the Irish famine of the 1840s? What were the effects? (page 821)
Great Britain in the 1830s (pages 823-827)
What did the Reform Bill of 1832 do?
Did the Reform Bill of 1832 make Great Britain more or less democratic?
What did the Factory Act limit?
Describe Chartism (the People’s Charter). What were the movement's goals? Do you agree with those goals?
What were the Corn Laws? Who wanted them repealed and why? What did that law have to do with social class?
Describe the July Monarchy in France (1830-1848) (pages 827-829).
Who came to power?
What were some rights granted during the July Monarchy?
Do you think the July Monarchy was in step with the previous French Revolution of 1789?
Revolutions of 1848 (pages 836-844)
What caused the revolutions of 1848?
Where were the revolutions of 1848?
What were the effects of the revolutions of 1848?
Nationalism (pages 844-863)
What are the elements of nationalism in the 19th century?
Who led France now in the Second Empire period in France? What was his rule like?
What was the Crimean War (page 849-850), who was it between, and what were the effects?
Regarding Italian Unification
Was Italy unified prior to 1871?
Who was Giuseppe Mazzini and what was his role in Italian Unification?
Who was Count Cavour and what was his role in Italian Unification?
Who was Victor Emmanual and what was his role in Italian Unification?
Who was Giuseppe Garibaldi and his redshirts and what was their role in Italian Unification?
Regarding German Unification
What role did the German state of Prussia play in unifying Germany?
What was the Prussian Zollverein?
Who was Otto von Bismarck? What was his position and how did he facilitate German unification?
For Bismarck, what was the purpose of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866?
For Bismarck, what was the purpose of the Franco-Prussian War?
What were the profound effects of the Franco-Prussian War?
Was ist Kulturkampf?
What effect did the creation of Germany and Italy have on peace in Europe?
What is imperialism? (pages 892-906)
What are the three types of imperialism?
What motivated countries to be imperialist?
Why did people say that “the sun never sets on the British empire”?
What is the legacy of imperialism in our contemporary world?
What is social darwinism and how does it relate to imperialism?
What did imperialism do to Africa?
What did imperialism do to China?
What did imperialism do to Japan?
Industrial Revolution (pages 872-878)
What countries in Europe are heavily industrialized?
What did industrialization do to economic growth? Why?
What new types of goods did industrialization create?
What countries began to surpass Great Britain as an industrial power?
What fueled industrialization in the USA?
How did industrialization lead to transitions in demographic trends including mortality and fertility rates?
What was the social impact of industrialization?
Just some people you should know not mentioned elsewhere:
Queen Victoria
William Gladstone
Benjamin Disraeli
John MacDonald
Herbert Spencer
Napoleon III
Regarding World War I (1914-1918)
What were the long term causes of World War I?
What were the short term causes of World War I?
What countries were in the Central Powers?
What countries were in the Allied Powers?
What was the Battle of Gallipoli? Whose career did Gallipoli derail?
How was fighting in World War I different than previous wars?
What is total war?
What is the significance of the poems “In Flanders Fields” and “Dulce et Decorum Est”?
Explain how the Treaty of Versailles caused World War II and other modern problems?
Explain how World War I led to the rise of communism in Russia
Nicholas II Romanov
Rasputin
V.I. Lenin
Joseph Stalin
Regarding the Rise of Fascism and Totalitarianism
Benito Mussolini
What are the characteristics of Fascism?
How is Fascism different from democracy?
How did Hitler Rise to Power?
What was the Weimar Republic?
What was German Expressionism? What was German culture like in the 1920s?
What was the Young Plan?
What were the characteristics of Nazi rule?
Regarding the beginning of World War II (1939-1945)
Who were the Axis Powers?
Who were the Allied Powers?
What was the Rape of Nanking?
What caused World War II in Europe
British Appeasement (Munich Mistake)
Maginot Line
American Isolationism
German Aggression
Liebensprau
Sudetenland
Anschluss
Poland
Hitler Stalin Pact
TREATY OF VERSAILLES