Consequences of Agricultural Practices [AP Human Geography Unit 5 Topic 10]

Introduction

• Discussion of the consequences of agricultural practices.

Historical Overview of Agriculture

• Two key agricultural revolutions led to sedentary agriculture.

• Modification of Earth's surface transformed cultural landscapes and local environments.

• Post-Green Revolution reliance on GMOs and chemical substances (fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics).

• Emergence of commercial agriculture focused on maximum food output and profits.

• Rise of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs).

Consequences of Modern Agricultural Practices

• Increased food production accompanied by health concerns regarding food quality.

• Environmental pollution and sustainability issues.

• Ethical concerns surrounding animal treatment and welfare.

Growing Global Population

• Current world population exceeds 8 billion.

• Economic advancement in countries leads to higher demand for meat and luxury foods.

• Pressure on local ecosystems and the environment due to intensified food production.

• Climate change affecting agricultural practices and local environments.

Environmental Issues Related to Agriculture

Desertification

• Definition: degradation of arable land into desert.

• Caused by human activities, particularly pastoral nomadism reducing vegetation.

• Example: Middle East and Northern Africa.

Deforestation

• Removal of forests for timber trade and agricultural expansion.

• Impacts countries at various economic development levels, especially less developed ones.

• Slash-and-burn agriculture contributes to deforestation and ecological damage.

Soil Salinization

• Excessive salt buildup in soil negatively affects plant growth.

• Causes reduced arable land and increased water runoff.

Water Pollution and Runoff

• Destruction of wetlands leads to increased water pollution from runoff.

• Wetlands serve as natural filters for runoff water; their loss is detrimental.

Impact of Irrigation

• Essential for growing crops in water-scarce areas.

• Can deplete freshwater sources and contribute to pollution from agricultural runoff.

Terrace Farming

• Found in mountainous regions, labor-intensive method maximizing arable land.

• Can reduce water runoff and enhance food production if managed properly.

Positive Developments in Agriculture

• Global efforts to protect the environment: restoring wetlands, replanting trees, and cleaning oceans.

• Increase in consumer demand for free-range, organic, and fair trade foods.

• Policies enacted to regulate chemical and antibiotic use in agriculture.

Conclusion

• Summary of the impacts of agricultural practices and the need for sustainable solutions.