Consequences of Agricultural Practices [AP Human Geography Unit 5 Topic 10]
Introduction
Discussion of the consequences of agricultural practices.
Historical Overview of Agriculture
Two key agricultural revolutions led to sedentary agriculture.
Modification of Earth's surface transformed cultural landscapes and local environments.
Post-Green Revolution reliance on GMOs and chemical substances (fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics).
Emergence of commercial agriculture focused on maximum food output and profits.
Rise of concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs).
Consequences of Modern Agricultural Practices
Increased food production accompanied by health concerns regarding food quality.
Environmental pollution and sustainability issues.
Ethical concerns surrounding animal treatment and welfare.
Growing Global Population
Current world population exceeds 8 billion.
Economic advancement in countries leads to higher demand for meat and luxury foods.
Pressure on local ecosystems and the environment due to intensified food production.
Climate change affecting agricultural practices and local environments.
Environmental Issues Related to Agriculture
Desertification
Definition: degradation of arable land into desert.
Caused by human activities, particularly pastoral nomadism reducing vegetation.
Example: Middle East and Northern Africa.
Deforestation
Removal of forests for timber trade and agricultural expansion.
Impacts countries at various economic development levels, especially less developed ones.
Slash-and-burn agriculture contributes to deforestation and ecological damage.
Soil Salinization
Excessive salt buildup in soil negatively affects plant growth.
Causes reduced arable land and increased water runoff.
Water Pollution and Runoff
Destruction of wetlands leads to increased water pollution from runoff.
Wetlands serve as natural filters for runoff water; their loss is detrimental.
Impact of Irrigation
Essential for growing crops in water-scarce areas.
Can deplete freshwater sources and contribute to pollution from agricultural runoff.
Terrace Farming
Found in mountainous regions, labor-intensive method maximizing arable land.
Can reduce water runoff and enhance food production if managed properly.
Positive Developments in Agriculture
Global efforts to protect the environment: restoring wetlands, replanting trees, and cleaning oceans.
Increase in consumer demand for free-range, organic, and fair trade foods.
Policies enacted to regulate chemical and antibiotic use in agriculture.
Conclusion
Summary of the impacts of agricultural practices and the need for sustainable solutions.