Unit 8, Part 2: Inter-War Years



Lost generation

Summary




Significance



Roaring Twenties

Summary



Significance



Jazz

Summary



Significance



British Broadcasting Corporation

Summary



Significance



German Expressionists

Summary



Significance



Dadaism

Summary



Significance



Hannah Hoch

Summary



Significance



Surrealism

Summary



Significance



Salvador Dali

Summary



Significance



Cubism

Summary



Significance



Italian Futurism

Summary



Significance



Bauhaus School of art

Summary



Significance



Socialist Realism 

Summary



Significance



Igor Stravinsky

Summary



Significance



Arnold Schonberg

Summary



Significance



stream of consciousness

Summary



Significance



James Joyce

Summary



Significance



Carl Jung

Summary



Significance



Heroic Age of Physics

Summary



Significance



Uncertainty Principle

Summary



Significance



John Maynard Keynes

Summary

  • English economist who denounced the Treaty of Versailles

  • Doesn’t want Germany to become impoverished= economic hardship in all countries

Significance

  • Created Keyanism

  • Created sympathy for Germany

  • Created ideas the New Deal was based upon



Little Entente

Summary

  • Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia united against Hungary

  • France and Poland associate closely with it

  •  Made to keep territorial ambitions (Hungary + Germany are kinda expanding rn…)+ Hapsburg revival going on rn and they are trynna restore old glory..



Significance

  • Not much sig

  • Declined as WW2 started but got close relationships with france



Raymond Poincare

Summary

  • French Prime minister

  • Didnt accept the Germans renoucaition of payments from the war guilt clause even tho Britian basciallt did (moratorium but same thing)

  • Call germanies bluff or dissolve peace settlement~ they really playing w fire out here…

  • Help get out of ecnomoic crisis with taxes (latetr)

Significance

  • Wanna occupy ruhr disctrict to force down the treaty of versailles



French occupation of Ruhr district

Summary

  • French and Belgium armies move out of Rhineland and go to occupy Ruhr district to enforce the treaty of Versaille

  • Germany gets ruhr people to stop working- passive resistance

  • They then send african soldiers but germans rascist so blame shame

Significance

  • Creates international crisis

  • German pop isnt working!- germany economy goes DOWNNNN

  • Germany prints money = hyper inflation

  • Disconetent and germany scapegoats (fascist core think adolf..)



hyperinflation

Summary

  • German prints more money to combat but it act kills the economy and makes all money basciallt useless and now eco crisis

  • Lol they are cooked af why is germany STUPID



Significance

  • Savings wiped and ideas of thrift and caution gone

  • Economy bad

  • People literally burned stacks of money bc it was a more economical way of starting a fire



Dawes Plan

Summary

  • Charles G. Dawes makes an accepted plan for dealing with german inflation

  • Reperations are in line with germans economic output, more logical

  • Loans from US to promote recovery

  • Germany gets loans from us to pay britain and france- britain and france pay that money to us (counterintuitive)



Significance

  • Worked for a while but overall not good



Locarno Agreements

Summary

  • Germany and France agree to a common border

  • Britian and Italy with fight france or germany if they invaded each other (enforcning common border)

  • Poland and Czechoslovakia border dispute peacefully settled

  • Eastern brded germany not set



Significance

  • Lack of a Eastern german border = poles mad

  • Political tensions get deeper



Kellogg-Briand Pact

Summary

  • Pact initiated by French prime minister Aristide Briand and U.S. secretary of state Frank B. Kellogg

  • Renounced war- basciallt war is illegal

  • Peace only!



Significance

  • Hope USA is gonna help w europe stability



Beer Hall Putsch

Summary

  • Hitlers attempt to overthrow gov- quickly overthrown



Significance

  • Hitler gets attention

  • Short term prison for hitler



Ramsay McDonald

Summary

  • Labor party under Ramsay

  • Replaced liberals (opp to conservative party)

  • Moved towards socialism- no antagonization of middle class



Significance

  • Help with financial and political crisis



Great Depression

Summary

  • Crash of US stock market that lead to a wolrdwidde crisis lit everywhere (like europe but ok)

  • Us lend money to other places- banks dont have money anymore- recalling money- crisis other places



Significance

  • Economy bad



stock market crash

Summary

  • Everyone invests in same things but then the bubble pops and no more borrowed money



Significance



bank crisis

Summary

  • Banks cant get all the money people are withdrawing when they win and then they out of commision



Significance



general crisis of production

Summary

  • Output of goods falls a crazy amount bc fifnical crisis

  • Inward solving- they dont need anyone else strong independent man



Significance

  • Britian falls off gold standard- better in world markey but everyone else does same thing so no affect



protective tariffs

Summary

  • reserve shrinking national markets for domestic producers.- america does other people follow



Significance

  • Limit international trade- even worse for recovery



mass unemployment

Summary

  • Production cuts and then people lose their jobs



Significance

  • More social problems- poverty

  • Hopeless brithrates fall




Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Summary

  • Pres who made arg reforms to counteract depression

  • The Agricultural Adjustment Act

  • National Recovery Administration- minimum prices and wages



Significance



New Deal 

Summary

  • Series of reforms to target depression, Rosevelt

  • KEynsain economic- NRA

  • Relif welfare



Significance

  • Good didnt fix it tho



Works Progress Administration

Summary

  • Make more jobs and target unemployment

  • construction



Significance

  • Makes lots of jobs



Scandinavian Response to the Depression

Summary

  • Most successful response

  • Socialist reforms that are very good

  • Co-op community action

  • Large-scale deficits to finance public works- maintain production and employment

  • Welfare socialism


Significance

  • Good it works



The Popular Front

Summary

  • A alliance between communist and socialist parties in france

  • Response to right wings tryna take over paris



Significance



Leon Blum

Summary

  • Leader of the socialists in popular front

  • Becomes strongest party

  • His gov is popular front

  • Deals w social problems! (kinda)

  • Social rights but they bad = inflation



Significance

  • Resined and pop front collapse, pretty useless



Democratic Successor States

Summary

  • After WW1 when autro hungarian empire die its what comes out of it- they try to be democratic but quickly move towards totalirainism



Significance



Conservative Authoritarianism

Summary

  • uphold order, tradition and hierarchy

  • Nazi



Significance



Miklos Horthy

Summary

  • Took control of hungary gov in 1920

  • Lots of power even tho ‘elected”



Significance



Totalitarianism

Summary

  • Total power claims

  • Fascism and communism

“total claims” on the beliefs and behavior of their citizen

Violence + propaganda = power



Significance



Stalinism 

Summary

  • Communism

  • State interfere to achieve social leveling

  • Nationalized private property

  • Instrudilization

  • Collectiviation of agr



Significance



Fascism 

Summary

  • New community on national level

  • Glorify war and military

  • No levling of class diferences



Significance



Eugenics 

Summary

  • Psedoscicne abt breeding of races

  • Improve characteristics

  • Aryan supreme race (nazi spec)

  • Reform programs



Significance



Spanish Civil War

Summary

  • Right wing group is trying t UNSEAT dem elected people

  • Full scale mil campaign

  • Fascist take madrid



Significance



Francisco Franco

Summary

  • Lead right wing revolt that started spanish civil war



Significance



Joseph Stalin

Summary

  • Wanna turn soviet into communist state

  • Took power when lenin die (contendots w trotsky)

  • Marx and soviet relations




Significance



New Economic Policy

Summary

  • Replaced War communism

  • Ecnomic freedom bc they wanna rebuild arg

  • succses



Significance



“socialism in one country”

Summary

  • Stalins dev idea that helped him win bc appeal

  • Ability to independently build socialism



Significance



Centralized Russian control

Summary

  • Broke up soviet union into four parts bc believed in self determination (stalin)

  • Centralized control over diff regions

  • Culutral ind. No autonomy

  • Authority in moscow



Significance



Five-year plans

Summary

  • Wanted to increase industrial output by 250%

  • Collectiviation to increase



Significance



collectivization 

Summary

  • Giving up private property and coming together

  • Forced give up to come into one



Significance



kulaks 

Summary

  • lass of well-off peasants who had benefited the most from the NEP.

  • Stalin liquified them and sized theri property

  • Reducation 



Significance



Ukrainian famine/Holodomor

Summary

  • Colectivzation is rapid and VIOLENT

  • High impossible lebbels that ukrain has to get to 

  • Man made famine bc they no get food if they dont reach qotas



Significance



Gosplan

Summary

  • State planning commission in five yr plans

  • production goals and control deliveries of raw and finished materials



Significance

  • Shortage of necessities

  • Rapid industrial growth



transformation of soviet society

Summary

  • Industrialization

  • More jobs



Significance



women in the USSR

Summary

  • Complete eqaulity before stalin

  • Stalin revsereses woemns rights

  • Women work in construction

  • Its hard

  • Lots of female docotrs

Significance



Great Terror

Summary

  • Started with unknown assination of Sergei

  • Purged traitors

  • Use of secret police

  • Camps and collectivization camoaigns



Significance



gulags*

Summary

  • Labor camps they were send to during great terror



Significance



Benito Mussolini

Summary

  • Socialist/fasicts party leader in italy

  • Dicatort who hates socialism

Significance



fascio

Summary

  • a bundle of wooden rods that symbolized national strength in a united Fascist state



Significance



Black Shirts

Summary

  • Mousolini private military

  • Pushed socialists out of northern italy bc mousolini HATES them

  • Threatned king and got mousolini into power

Significance



Lateran Agreement

Summary

  • Recognition that Vatican is independent

  • Gives church finfical support if pope supports him

Significance



“cult of the Duce”

Summary

  • Powerful strongman, has best qualities of italian people



Significance



Italian invasion of Ethiopia

Summary

  • Invade ethiopia- italy got its “empire” under mosoliui



Significance

  • Nazis get cozy w italy



National Socialism

Summary

  • NAtional racsit facism



Significance



Adolf Hitler

Summary

  • Nazi party lider



Significance



Mein Kampf

Summary

  • Book hitler made in jail abt racial pruifciation




Significance



Lebensraum

Summary

  • Living space jsut for german race to “grow”

  • Premis which he took over areas like czech



Significance



Chancellor Heinrich Bruning

Summary

  • Trying to overcome economic crisis

  • Spending wages

  • Madeeconomic collapse worse

  • Lead to hitler apeal



Significance



Weimar Republic*

Summary



Significance



Reichstag fire

Summary

  • Buolding destroyed

  • Blame communist



Significance



Enabling Act

Summary

  • Dictatorlike power due to fire



Significance



storm troopers (SA)

Summary

  • quasi-military band

  • Fight communists kill jews

  • Top mill positions



Significance



Heinrich Himmler SS

Summary

  • Perssonalgaurd and lider

  • Kill SA



Significance

Professional Civil Service Restoration Act

Summary

  • Banned jew from gov job

  • Outlaw marriage



Significance



Kristallnacht

Summary

  • Nazis kill jews mass scale



Significance



Night of the Long Knives*

Summary

  • SA killed by SS, pruged people



Significance



Aryanization

Summary

  • Take stuff from jews to aryan race- they will perservere at the cost of others



Significance



Volksgemeinschaft

Summary

  • “people’s community” for racially pure Germans

  • Spread nazi ideolgy



Significance



women in Nazi Germany



Summary

  • No rights

  • Sad

  • Traditional gender roles



Significance



appeasement 

Summary

  • Grant hitler things to avoid war



Significance



Rome-Berlin Axis

Summary

  • Italy and germany

  • Intiated ww2



Significance



Anschluss

Summary

  • Austria annexation

  • apeasement



Significance



invasion of the Sudetenland

Summary

  • Got them czech



Significance



Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Summary

  • Nazi and societ good to one another- leads way for poland invasion



Significance