APBIO UNIT 1

Carboxyl Group: COOH group, acidic

Electron: negatively charged subatomic particle

Neutron: neutral subatomic particle

Proton: positively charged subatomic particle

Ion:Charged atom

Nonpolar:electrons shared equally between atoms

Polar:electrons are not shared evenly, results in a partial positive and partial negative

Partially positively /negatively charged:occurs in polar covalent bonds, leads to hydrogen bonding, overall molecule is neutral

Peptide bond:bond between amino acids

Polysaccharide:many sugar carbohydrate (starch, chitin, cellulose)

Pyrimidine:Thymine and cytosine, has one carbon/nitrogen ring

Purine:Adenine and guanine, has two carbon/nitrogen ring

Ribose:Pentose sugar found in RNA

Fatty acids:functional unit of fats, hydrocarbons

Beta sheet:secondary structure formed by hydrogen bonds that pleats

Alpha helix:secondary structure formed by hydrogen bonds that twists

Amine :NH2 group, basic

PH above 7:basic, (low concentration of H+ bonds)

PH below 7:acidic (high concentration of H+ bonds)

Phosphodiester bond:bond between two nucleotides that forms the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and RNA.

Glycosidic bonds:bond between sugars

Hydrogen bond:Type of bond that holds two DNA strands together

Starch:Branched carbohydrate used by plants for energy storage

1:2:1:Ratio of Carbon:Hydrogen:Oxygen in carbohydrates

Atoms of various elements needed by an organism to produce more macromolecules must be obtained from the: Environment

Biological monomers are linked together to form a polymer using: Covalent bonds

Guanine pairs w/: Cytocine

Adenine w/: Thymine/Uracil

Hydrophilic:polar substances, soluble in water, hydrogen bond

Hydrophobic:nonpolar substances, not soluble in water