kolbintro6e_lectureslides_ch01

What Are the Origins of Brain and Behavior?

Chapter 1 Introduction

• Authors: Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, G. Campbell Teskey

• Edition: Sixth

Clinical Focus: Living with Traumatic Brain Injury

• Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 2 to 7 million people annually in the U.S.

• Definition: Wound to the brain from a blow or concussion.

• Prognosis: People with TBI often face no diagnosis, planning, rehabilitation, or hope.

• Engagement question: What are your thoughts on this prognosis?

The Brain in the Twenty-First Century (Part 1)

• Importance of understanding brain and behavior:

  • Key questions remain on how the brain produces behavior and consciousness.

  • The brain is complex and ubiquitous in numerous animal groups.

  • Understanding the brain aids in explaining and treating behavioral disorders.

The Brain in the Twenty-First Century (Part 2)

• Key components of the nervous system:

  • Central Nervous System (CNS)

  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

• Major structures include:

  • Cerebrum (Forebrain)

  • Hemispheres

  • Brainstem

  • Cerebellum

The Brain in the Twenty-First Century (Part 3)

Consciousness and Sensory Modality

• Questions about the brain's ability to remain awake without sensory input or movement.

  • Concepts:

    • Embodied Behavior

    • Mental Emptiness (Jacobson)

    • Effects of Sensory Deprivation (Heron)

    • Locked-In Syndrome and Minimally Conscious State (MCS)

The Brain in the Twenty-First Century (Part 4)

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

• DBS involves implanting electrodes in the brain, particularly the thalamus.

• Treatments possible with DBS:

  • Parkinson's Disease

  • Depression

  • Recovery from TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)

Understanding Behavior

• Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt's Definition: "Behavior consists of patterns in time."

  • Types of behaviors:

    • Movements

    • Vocalizations

    • Thinking

• In animals, behaviors can be:

  • Inherited (innate, fixed)

  • Learned (culturally transmitted)

  • Most behaviors show a mix of both types.

Perspectives on Brain and Behavior (Part 1)

Historical Views

• Aristotle and Mentalism:

  • Behavior is seen as a function of the nonmaterial mind.

  • Believed the brain cooled the blood; no role in behavior.