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Weight - Can be used to determine if a patient is overweight or underweight

During growth - Infants and toddlers are monitored frequently because growth is rapid

A growing infant may experience - Head circumference which will be normal which include macrocephalus, microcephalus

Chest circumference - Measures progression of disease

Microcephaly - Small head; can be caused by congenital defect, infections and/ or drug/ alcohol abuse during pregnacy

Weight is recorded as - Kilograms (1.0 kilogram = 2.2 pounds)

When taking a patients weight - Have the patient remove their shoes only, and if the patient is an infant the diaper can be left on

When taking a chemo patients weight - It is important to closely monitor their weight

When a patient needs a procedure - Always cover the patients as much as you can to avoid exposing the patient

Prone - The patient lies on the abdomen, with the legs together and the face turned to the side; provider is able to examine the spine

Sims’ (Left lateral) - The patient lies on their left side with the right leg bent up near the abdomen, this position is used for enemas, rectal exams

Fowler’s -This position is best when the patient is having trouble breathing

Trendelenburg - Used to improve surgical access to the pelvic area, increase venous return to the heart, and facilitate central venous catheter placement

Snellen Charts -Special charts used that use letters or symbols in calibrated heights to check visual acuity; patient should not squint

Normal vision is considered - 20/20 as it is average meaning a patient can see 20 feet

Hyperopia - Know abbreviations for right, left and both eyes

EOD - Right eye

EOS - Left eye

Both eyes - OU

Papanicolaou - Pap smear

Percussion - Process of tapping various body parts during an examination

Ophthalmoscope - A lighted instrument used to examine the eye

Auscultation - Process of listening for sounds in the body

Otoscope - A lighted instrument used to examine the ear

Physicians must - Warm instruments before using them

Stethoscope - Instrument used for listening to internal body sounds

Turning fork - An instrument that has two prongs and is use to test hearing acuity

Carefully explain all procedures - Can help the patient when they are nervous

Hemostats - Instruments used to compress (clamp) blood vessels to stop bleeding

Standard precautions - Must be followed at all times

You must treat each patient as - If they were infectious

Suture removal sets- Set of instruments, including suture scissors and thumb forceps

Electrocardiogram (ECG) - Graphic tracing of the electrical acuity of the heart; remind the patient this will NOT electrocute them

Chest electrodes are - Placed at six specific locations on the chest and various parts of the body RA - Right arm LA - Left arm RL- Right leg - LL - Left leg - C or V - Chest

During an ECG - Muscle movement may cause interference

One millivolt electrical input can cause - The stylus (recording needle) to move 10 millimeters on the graph (10 small squares or 2 large squares on the channel)

Third branch of the heart provides - Supplies the right ventricular outflow tract

Troche or lozenge - Large, flat disc that is dissolved in the mouth

Enteric coated - Medication with a special coating that does not dissolve until the substance reaches the the small intestine

Suppository - A cone- shaped object that usually has a base material of coca butter or glycerin and is mixed with the medication

Medications may be given by - Oral, Rectal

Injections includes -Subcutaneous injected into the layer of tissue just beneath the skin, Intramuscular Injected into the muscle, Intravenous injected into a vein, Intradermal injected just under the top layer of skin; the skin test for allergies and tuberculosis

Topical or local - Transdermal patch

Sublingual - Given under the tongue

Six rights to observe when administering medications - Right medication, right dosage, right patient, right time, right method, right documentation

If a prepared medication is not administered - It needs to be discarded

Expired medications must be - Destroyed in the approved receptacles