Film form

The total system that the viewer perceives the film. Think about the three different versions of the man that the three sculptors made and how they turned out extremely different.

Genre, (the one we saw, they are categories from filmmakers, audience, etc.) We looked at my darling Clementine, (western) Question 75

Genre refers to the type of film it is.

What was the narrative of Out of Sight (plot, story, narrative repetition, how directors play with narrative  

The story of Out of Sight lasts about 2 1/2 years, beginning from the time Jack and Buddy are locked up in Lompoc Correctional Facility until the moment when the police van leaves Detroit for Glades Correctional Facility—it includes everything that happens in between. The plot lasts several weeks, possibly months—from the time when Jack ends up outside Ripley Enterprises in a rage, until the time the van leaves Detroit— it includes considerable amounts of ellipsis, and numerous non-chronological elements such as a dream and a few flashbacks. Partially because of its unorthodox form, there’s also a considerable amount of ellipsis in Out of Sight. This movie doesn’t follow the chronological order. The repetition indicates a higher level of importance and in this movie, it is tied with the issue of order. The familiar image in this film if the lighter that he fiddles with throughout the movie.

What is Mise-en-scene?

A French term that literally means “staging” or “put on stage.” Things to do with staging a film are sets, location, costumes, props, lighting, composition, performance and movement.

What was the cinematography in the movie Moonlight?

Laxton used many close-ups and medium shots in this movie to help the characters connect with the audience. There is a blue, and grey colour scheme in most scenes of this movie, this helps the audience connect with the characters.

How does the editing of Psycho add to the film?

  Hitchcock uses many jump cuts in this film to help add a dizzying effect, jumping back in forth 180 degrees often. A MacGuffin is used in this movie to help add to the narrative.

What is a MacGuffin?

An object, document, or secret within a story that is of great importance to the story's characters, but turns out to be of little importance to the narrative.

How does Blowout use Diegetic and Non-Digetic sounds?

Diegetic sound is sound that occurs in the movie and non-diegetic sound occurs outside the world of cinema. This movie is about filming diegetic and non-diegetic sounds to create a movie, so there is a mix of diegetic sounds, like when they are watching their film and non-diegetic sounds like when there is music in the background.

Who does the film sound?  

The sound designer.

What kind of actors are there in C’mon C’mon?

Personality actors, chameleon actors (Joaquin Phoenix) and non-professional actors 

Two days one night, realism?

Follows a real girl going through a real-life situation, it was filmed in a public space with people who weren’t even in the film. These types of movies usually use non-professional actors to help the audience have a bigger connection with the story. Long takes and sequence shots are used, filmed in chronological order, with minimal use of professional actors, shun of scores or conventional soundtracks. Another example of the Dardenne Brothers’ cinema of moral quandaries. Sandra is the victim of a cruel ploy on the part of her employer. A film about the cruelty and absurdity of the modern workplace. A film about trying to regain one’s dignity. Sandra crosses back and forth across Seraing, facing failure, cruelty, and violence, as well as a number of notable successes

Why did they choose to film a realism  

What is formalism?

Formalism in film refers to a style or approach that emphasizes the formal elements of filmmaking, such as cinematography, editing, sound, and mise-en-scène, over narrative or content. It focuses on the visual and technical aspects of filmmaking to create meaning and evoke emotions. Formalist films often use techniques like unconventional camera angles, experimental editing, and stylized visuals to engage the audience on a sensory level. Notable formalist filmmakers include Sergei Eisenstein, Dziga Vertov, and Maya Deren.

What is Auteurism?

Auteurism is a film theory that focuses on the director as the main creative force in a film. It suggests that a director's unique artistic vision and style can be observed in their entire body of work, making them the "author" of the film. Originating in French cinema in the 1950s, auteurism has had a significant impact on film criticism and analysis.

How may the director be the author of a film?

The film director is like the author of a film. They have creative control and make artistic decisions that shape the film's vision and storytelling. They oversee casting, cinematography, editing, and directing the actors. However, filmmaking is a collaborative process involving screenwriters, producers, and editors. The director works closely with these professionals to bring the film to life.

What is the colligate effect, and what technique is it associated with?

Define story and plot.

A story is a narrative with events, characters, and settings. It includes the overall content and structure. A plot is the arrangement of events within a story. It consists of the introduction, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. The plot determines the sequence and significance of events.

What is an ellipsis?  

Cutting out long parts of dead action that the audience doesn’t have to see (I.e., we don’t have to see a character sleeping for eight hours in real-time, instead we can see a character wake up in the morning).

What type of actors are there?

Cameo, leading, character, comedic, film, episodic, theatre, chameleon, personality and non-professional.

why might Jason Sportsman be an example of this 

What shot examples exist?  

Establishing shot, long shot, medium shot, medium close-up, close-up and extreme close-up.

What was visually out of place in the visual Antoinette?  

A pair of Converse.

What is the French New Wave and how does it connect with realism?

The French New Wave was a movement in the 1950’s in Paris and the godfather was Andre Bazin. This movement gave directors over their films allowing them to favour improvisational storytelling. This influenced Italian realism which was a movement that started directors getting away from big-budget movies.

What is the planimetric shot?  

A planimetric shot is a fixed camera shot that shows a two-dimensional view of a scene or subject. It is commonly used in architectural photography or to capture the layout of a space. It provides an objective representation without any camera movement or changes in perspective.

Two directors in film history helped shape the poles of realism and formalism, specifically using films from labs to define and explain these two ideas.  

Lumiere brothers, Georges Melies.

George’s big film was A Trip to the Moon,

realism is this.. formalism is that.. the films that connect to it are ….

Techniques that are associated with realism are.. Realism is a style of filmmaking that is meant to preserve real life. Fundamentals on realism are… relaism movies are often about everyday people, blue collar workers, and there struggles. in two days and one night she had one weekend to convince her co-workers to help her get her job back. Realism is typically episodic. only use digetic sounds for the film. whqat shots and type of editing are associated with realism

formalism will be the complete opposite of realism

What is the mythical birth year of film?

1895, when the Lumiere brothers held the first public exhibitions of films on a screen in front of a large audience in Paris, FR

What does the term “medium” mean?

Medium is the way something is communicated or expressed, we tend to associate the term with electronic media and mass media, but written language is a medium, and so are paintings, photographs and musical instruments.

What do we mean by the phrase “film medium”?

The term film medium refers to the material used to record and display motion pictures.

What is the nature of a painting as a medium vs. film as a medium?

Paintings are heavily reproduced, but we see one version as being original and unique, people of ten travel to Paris to see the original Mona Lisa, in person, we sit or stand to view paintings, we contemplate for no fixed amount of time and they may suggest movement but they are always still. Films have always been mass-produced, we can see the film in countless places and across countless platforms, in a theatre there are fixed positions to view and to watch the film fold in front of us, we don’t have the option of pausing, rewinding or slowing down the movie and they might suggest stillness but they are always made up of moving images.

What is a mass medium?

Technology that allows communication with a mass audience to take place

What is cinematic language?

Cinematic language refers to the visual and auditory techniques used in filmmaking to convey meaning and evoke emotions. It includes various elements such as camera angles, framing, lighting, colour, sound, editing, and composition. These techniques are employed by filmmakers to tell stories, create atmosphere, establish mood, and communicate ideas or themes to the audience. Cinematic language is a powerful tool that allows filmmakers to manipulate the viewer's perception and enhance the overall cinematic experience.

What is a movie?

“film” comes from the Greek word Kinesis a word associated with movement. The Lumiere Brothers combined motion picture camera/projector they’d created a camera that could capture motion, so the name reflected that.

What film has been largely credited with having given the Digital Revolution its final push?

Avatar

What are the basic components of cinematic language?

Narrative, Shots and Editing.

What is a shot?

An unbroken span of action captured by an uninterrupted run of a motion picture camera, also how the action is framed, formed at what distance, for what length of time, etc.

What is editing?

Shots are combined with other shots to create scenes; scenes are combined with other scenes are combined with other scenes to create an overall form, often a narrative form. Editing controls what and how the audience sees the movie.

What is narrative?

The story that a movie tells.

What happens when we compare theatre with film?

Audiences in theatres only have one point of view through the whole show and can often only see the show from one angle, whereas in theatre films show many different perspectives and everyone can see the same thing at the same time.

What does a director do?

Decides what shots are necessary to create their film

What does a cinematographer do?

They execute these shots with the approval of the director

What does an editor do?

They combine these shots into a form that captures the structure, the look, and the feel that the director is searching for.

What is Fade-in/fade-out?

Quickly and efficiently edit that suggests the passage of time and a shift to a new scene.

What is a low-angle shot?

A shot that is pointing upwards at a character often has the effect of portraying characters as strong, noble, or threatening, depending on context.

What is cutting on action?

A cut that allows the editor to shift into new shots, new perspectives, introduce new information, etc., without being noticed. It cuts while the character is doing something

What is a hard cut?

Hard cuts are edits that are meant to be noticed and can be a little jarring. Greta Gerwig uses these in her movies, especially Lady Bird.

What is cultural invisibility?

Many films have implied political, cultural, and ideological messages that can be hard for viewers to spot precisely because these viewers are products of the same society that the films (and the filmmakers)

What is a protagonist?

The central character of a narrative, the character that sets the narrative in motion and propels the narrative to its conclusion.

What are the common characteristics of a protagonist?

They are typically Clearly motivated, goal-oriented, faced with challenges and antagonists, they typically have a clear and satisfying resolution. They encourage the audience to share in their journey and identify with their passions and motivations.

What is an explicit meaning?

Open and easily understood narratives.

What is an implicit meaning?

A meaning that lies below a film’s narrative and its presentation.

What is a Formal analysis?

A formal analysis takes into account all of the aspects of cinematic language and examines how these elements contribute to a film’s artistry.

What is Form?

This is how the content is expressed.

What is Content?

This is the subject of a work of art.

What is the Content of Lady Bird?

a high school coming-of-age story, or, more specifically a young woman high school coming-of-age story.

What is a Cultural analysis?

An analysis that approaches issues like class, gender and race.

How does Kyle’s room compare with Lady Bird’s?

Kyle has a large room, has his own bathroom, is equipped with a TV and his own computer, whereas Lady Bird’s room is small and doesn’t have any technology.

How did the movies Pocahontas (1910), Captain John Smith and Pocahontas (1953), Pocahontas (1995) and The New World (2005) differ in terms of Film Form?

The subject matter is very similar and how they were handled is different. Also, the fact that they were made in different times when technology was at different levels of evolution makes them different in the viewing experience.

How do expectations affect filmgoing?

Expectations drive viewers to see movies, the audience forms expectations as soon as a film begins, and then we begin to study films to see if they meet our expectations or whether they exceed, subvert or deny our expectations.

What are patterns in movies?

Patterning has to do with the way scenes are shot and edited, and the audience typically recognizes patterns and is pleasantly surprised when our expectations are contracted in interesting or inventive ways.

What is parallel editing?

we see shots in succession but we convince ourselves that they are occurring simultaneously. It creates the illusion that sequences are happening at the same place at the same time while heightening suspense.

What are the fundamentals of Film Form?

Movies depend on light. Movies provide an illusion of movement. Movies manipulate space and time in unique ways.

Is Leonard Shelby your typical Hollywood protagonist?

He could be considered a stereotypical protagonist because he has fiercely individualistic, he is goal-oriented, faced with challenges and antagonists and audience is encouraged to share in his journey.

What was Leonard's “system” for making sense of his life and maintaining his direction and sense of purpose?

He used Polaroid photographs, notes with instructions and reminders, tattoos bearing reminders, mottos to live by and “facts,” maps/charts, and police files.

Why do we care about Leonard and his fate?

We are interested in solving the mystery of his wife's rape and murder, we are familiar with revenge as a common plot element, the narrative pattern withholds information and puts the audience in a state of ignorance and confusion that is similar to Leonards's condition.

What is our “system” for making sense of the narrative, keeping the facts straight, knowing who to trust, and fighting our own short-term memory loss?

Trying to make sense of patterning (b&w vs. colour, etc.), trying to piece the scenes together the scenes in order to figure out what they add up to, trying to determine who’s good and who's bad and trying to determine the relevance of Sammy Jankin’s case.

What are the three approaches to movie-making?

Narrative, Documentary and Experimental

What is a Narrative movie?

A movie that primarily focuses on “fictional narratives,” could be a work of pure imagination, it may be on a set that is recognizable location or time period but none of the characters or situations occurred in real life, in other cases these films could be characterized as pure fantasy or something close to that.

What is a Documentary movie?

A movie that is non-fiction or narrative-based such as histories memoirs and biographies.

What is an Experimental movie?

A movie that suns the conventions of fictional narrative filmmaking and documentary filmmaking, although they sometimes overlap with other forms, they experiment with new techniques and new forms of expression, frequently non-commercial and highly personal, usually ambiguous and open to interpretation and sometimes highly influential.

Animated movies

One of the most important forms of filmmaking, in history, dates back to the earliest years of film, essentially fictional narratives, sometimes used to illustrate documentary material and some experimental films are made up of these movies.

Examples of sponsored and industrial films

Public service announcements, educational and instructional films, public relations films and advertisements.

What is a genre?

Types of film used to categorize films. They use story formulas, themes, character types, settings, presentation, stars and iconography to define each genre.

What are the six major American genres?

Gangster, Film Noir, Science Fiction, Horror, Western and Musicals.

What are the characteristics of a Horror film?

It begins with establishing a normal world that will be threatened by the arrival of the other. This monster must be vanquished or destroyed to reestablish normalcy. (example: Psycho)

What are the characteristics of a Western film?

American history inspired this genre. The Wild West is a land of opportunity and is dangerous, lawless and in need of an expansive territory where anyone with the right stuff can reinvent himself and start a new life. This genre is linked to the setting, landscape which are sominate and thematic elements that represent the location.

What are common plot elements of the western?

Revenge plot lines, shootouts, gun deals, gun fights, Indian raids and rescues by the cavalry, cowboys driving and rescuing cattle across the western plains and easterners pushing west and bringing civilization to the frontier taming the “wild west.”

When do most westerns take place?

Between 1836-1900, and especially 1865-1900.

What are common characters in the western?

The marshal or sheriff, deputy/deputies, the bad man, the good-bad man, the bartender, the barber, the doctor, gambler, preacher, Mexican landowner, telegraph operator the saloon keeper, showgirl, banker, schoolteacher, madame, prostitute, the Indian “brave,” the Indian chief, the cowboy the rancher and the justice of the peace.

What are the common themes of the western?

Civilization vs. wilderness, order vs. lawlessness, the settling frontier, the maintenance of a code of honour, revenge, etc.

What are the comment techniques of the western?

treatment of landscape, typically set in arid, rough, and imposing parts of the North American West (Mexico, US, Canada), action sequences, shootouts, Indian raids, dramatic rescues and expert horseman ships.

What shots are common in Western movies?

Long shots and extreme long shots, helps show off the scenery and the unlivablity of the location.

What is narrative?

It is a story. It is the cinematic structure in which the filmmakers have selected and arranged events in a cause-and-effect sequence occurring over time.

Which Film narrative film displays little to no causality?

Casual minimalism

What does a narrator do?

The who or what that tells the story, this person delivers the narration of a story.

What is a first-person narrator?

A character who typically imparts information in the form of voice-over narration

What is third-person narration?

A person outside of the narrative that tells a story. This can be omniscient (they know all but only tell part of the story). They can also provide information that’s not accessible to a narrator who happens to be a participant in a story.

What is breaking the fourth wall?

When a character addresses the audience directly.

What is a restricted narration?

Usually, this limits the information it provides the audience to things known only to a single character. (strange narrative form, highly non-chronological structure and unreliable narrator.

What is a round character?

They may possess numerous subtle, repressed or even contradictory traits that can significantly change over the course of the story

What is a flat character?

They are “relatively uncomplicated,” they “exhibit few distinct traits and do not change significantly as the story progresses.”

What are examples of anti-heroes?

Lady Bird, Leonard, Wyatt.

What is an antagonist?

A person, group of people, creatures, or forces that is responsible for obstructing the protagonist’s attempts to achieve their goal.

What is the backstory of Wyatt Earp?

He was the ex-marshall of Dodge City and has a reputation for having been an enforcer, having cleaned up a notorious Wild West town.

What was the backstory of Jack Foley?

He’s not just a bank robber, he’s a legendary one, he is an unusual heist artist, he has never used a gun but success on wits alone and Jack and Buddy have a long-standing partnership.

What is the significance of repetition in a film?

It implies a sort of pattern of some sort and suggests a higher level of importance than other plot elements.

What is a familiar image?

"Any image (audio or visual) that a director periodically repeats in a movie (with or without variations) to help stabilize its narrative and helps create continuity across space and time.

What are the three types of duration and what do they do?

Story duration is the amount of time the implied story takes, plot duration is the elapsed time of those events within the story that the film explicitly presents and screen duration is the runtime of a movie.

What is the duration of Out of Sight?

The plot duration is several weeks, possibly months (from “the incident” [Ripley’s corporate offices in Miami + Sun Trust Bank] until the police van carrying Jack, Karen, & Hejira leaves Detroit). The story duration is roughly 2 1/2 years (from Lompoc to Detroit). The screen duration is 123 minutes.

What is design in Mise-en-scene?

The process by which the look of the setting, props, lighting, and actors is determined. Set design, decor, prop selection, lighting set up, costuming, makeup, and hairstyle design all play a role.

What is the composition in Mise-en-scene?

The organization, distribution, balance and general relationship of objects and figures, as well as of light, shade, line, colour, and movement within the frame.

What is the German Expressionist Mise-en-scene?

Highly stylized, highly exaggerated, anti-naturalistic, highly imaginative treatment of sets, decor, and lighting proved highly influential, especially in horror films, Film Noir and some Sci-Fi.

What is film noir?

A film genre, primarily in the ’40-’50s, dramatic cinematography, black and white tones, highly distinctive iconography and settings, usually includes sleek pistols, fedoras, trenchcoats, criminal underground of large American cities, and focus on nocturnal activities and settings.

What is Sunset Blvd. about?

film about the old Hollywood vs. the “new” Hollywood (ca. 1950). film about silent cinema vs. sound cinema. film about stardom and about how movies are made • film about the difficulties faced by screenwriters. twisted “blood melodrama” (infatuation, control, prostitution, madness, murder). generally regarded as a Film Noir by one of the masters of the genre: Billy Wilder. masterpiece of mise-en-scène

What is the significance of the luxury car and huge mansion in Sunset Blvd.?

When the guy said “It must have burned up ten gallons to a mile,” he’s talking about the fact that gas is expensive so the driver must have money. like a “white elephant,” “a neglected house gets an unhappy look—this one had it in spades,” like Miss Havisham from Great Expectations, with her “rotting wedding dress” & her “torn veil,” “taking it out on the world, because she’d been given the go-by”

What is a prop?

objects that take on added narrative importance often add narrative to the plot

What is the significance of the chimpanzee what does this reveal about Norma?

She owned a chimpanzee, who was like “an only child” to her, as Gillis later states. She’d decided to have a lavish and expensive funeral for this pet. She might not only be “eccentric,” but she might have much deeper issues

What does costume add to mise-en-scene?

A variant on props that is closely concerned with character. Reveals information about their sociological and psychological meaning. It can be used to show characters are out of their element.

What is the performance and movement?

how actors are placed. how they are choreographed. what gestures they make. what expressions and emotions they convey

Who played Norma Desmond, and why is it important to the story?

Gloria Swanson played this character, like Norma, Gloria had also been a huge silent movie star, and her career had ended with the sound era, Gloria was 50 when this film when made.

What is cinematography?

This is a photograph with motion, this was directly related to the invention of still photography and chronophotography.

What are the responsibilities of the cinematographer include?

The properties of the shot, the framing of a shot, the speed and length of a shot and special effects.

What are the formats of film stock?

8 mm & super 8 mm—amateur & experimental, 16 mm—professional, but lower-budget, 35 mm—standard for most professional filmmaking, 65 mm & 70 mm—widescreen and IMAX—super widescreen and immersive

What is an aspect ratio?

The ratio of the width to the height of an image or a screen

What aspect ratio was Moonlight filmed in?

2.39:1

What is film speed?

the speed at which a shot is filmed. “A slower” film requires more light, but results in a crisp, rich, detailed image, “faster” high-speed film allows a cinematographer to shoot in low-light conditions, but results in a grainy image.

Do black and white photos have colour?

yes, they do because black and white are colours. Black and white films were used until the 1930s and they remained the most common type of film until the 1960’s. There were still plenty of movies with a colour in the ‘30s because of additive colour

What are subtractive colour systems?

using red, blue and green, any colour can be made so that’s what they used in the ‘‘20s-’30s.

How was technicolour used in Out of Sight?

In Lompoc the colour scheme was yellow, in the glades a blue technicolour was used, in Miami orange and brown were used and in Detroit, dark blue was used.

What was different in cinemas and film in the 50’s?

The film had colour, large screens, widescreen formats, 3-D, theatre sound and no commercials.

What is the three-point system?

There are three toes of lighting backlighting (the light source lights the character from the back), Key lighting (one bright source highlights whats most important in the scene) and fill light (one source provides light that is less bright, but helps fill in details).

Moonlight and digital film.

Going digital allowed Barry Jenkins and Laxton to shoot Moonlight in a very different manner than a traditional film camera (pp. 222-3) • One advantage was that the camera allowed them to shoot in a wide variety of light conditions with anamorphic lenses that created interesting bokeh and flare effects • They “wanted a look that diverged from the documentary realism typically expected of independent films dealing with social issues.

What kind of lenses are there?

short-focal-length lens: wide-angle lens; wide perspective; deep focus; can distort if lens is very short. long-focal-length lens: telephoto lens; brings distant objects close, can compress space. medium-focal-length lens: often known as “normal lens;” corresponds to our normal perspective. zoom lens: variable-focal-length-lens; allows one to shrink or enlarge focal length in one continuous motion.

What is the depth of field?

some shots exhibit shallow depth of field, with one person or object crystal-clear in the foreground, and the background out of focus. such shots direct our vision, tell us where to focus our attention. other shots (taken with short-focal-length lenses) exhibit great depth of field, on the other hand, where many different planes of objects and action are in focus. these shots provide us with more freedom of vision

What is the shooting angle?

the level of the height of the camera in relation to the subject being photographed.

What is an eye-level shot?

A shot taken from the observer’s eye level.

What is a pan shot?

the horizontal movement of a camera mounted on the gyroscopic head of the stationary tripod.

What is a tilt shot?

the verticle movement of a camera mounted on the gyroscopic head of a stationary tripod.

What is a dolly shot?

shot taken from a camera fixed to a wheeled support, generally known as a dolly.

What is a dolly-in shot?

when a camera is used to dolly in on a person or object.

What is a tracking shot?

a type of shot that moves horizontally along with the action using a dolly or other vehicle (like a car)

What is a hand-held tracking shot?

a type of roaming shot that is somewhat too shaky because it is hand-held.

What is the Steadicam shot?

a tracking shot taken with a sophisticated piece of equipment that keeps the image smooth and steady giving the impression of gliding.

What is a zoom-in shot?

a shot that is accomplished through the magnification of a zoom lens to zero in on a person or object

What is a crane shot?

shot taken from an elevating arm that is mounted on a chicle and able to move on its own.

What is a summary relationship?

screen duration is shorter than plot duration- a long period of time is conveyed in a short period of time.

What is real-time?

screen duration that corresponds directly to plot duration- the period of time suggested and the way it is depicted are equivalent

What is a stretch relationship?

screen duration is longer than plot duration- a short period of time conveyed in a long (or longer) period of time.

What is the technique, craft and art of editing?

The technique is the cutting of the desired shots from the exposed roll of film or digital storage device, then joining them together into a continuous whole, craft is the ability to join shots and produce a meaningful way, and the art when the combination of two or more shots gets taken to the next level- excitement, insight, shock or epiphany of discovery.

What is the Kuleshov effect?

If an actor or actress has a neutral, expressionless face can take on new meaning depending on what images it’s edited with.

What is an editor’s responsibility?

Spatial relationships between shots, temporal relationships between shots, and the overall rhythm of the film.

What is the spatial relationship between shots?

creating the sense of a space in the middle of the viewer.

What is the temporal relationship between shots?

The manipulation of the presentation of plot time on-screen, such as flashback, flash-forward and ellipsis.

What is continuity editing?

what happens on screen makes as much narrative sense as possible, screen direction is consistent from shot to shot, and graphic, spatial and temporal relations are maintained from shot to shot. the continuity editing has a smooth transition from scene to scene. POV is another common practice within this style.

What is a master scene technique?

The scene is photographed with a variety of individual shots, that cover the general to the specific. scenes typically open with a long shot (master shot). the editor is then provided with a variety of other shots from different distances angles and perspectives to work with.

What is discontinuity editing?

A choppy editing that makes it a bumpy scene. there are sudden abrupt cuts, flouting the 180-degree rule and ellipses that cause disorientation.

What is the rhythm of a film?

the pace and the manner in which the film proceeds forward.

What is a montage?

the creating of a sense of meaning not proper to the images themselves but derived exclusively from juxtaposition.

What movie has a scene that is a masterpiece of montage and rhythm?

Hitchcock’s “shower scene,” from Psycho.

What is sound design?

the art of creating sound for a film should be integral to all three phases of film production, a film sound can be as expressive as its visuals, images and sounds can create different worlds and images and sound contribute to a film’s overall meaning in tandem.

What is a soundtrack?

the dialogue, ambient sounds, sound effects, the score, the licensed songs, etc.

What is synchronous sound?

Sound is recorded at the same time that the image is recorded on film, sound that emanates from the scene seen on film that is perfectly synchronized.

What was the first major sensation of the sound film era?

The musical used synchronized sound.

How did Psycho use sound to elevate its movie?

Clever use of offscreen sound, nonsimultaneous sound and use of internal sound.33

What is a screwball comedy?

Slapstick comedy based on physical comedy is displaced by comedy of witty, rapid-fire dialogue

What is a gangster film?

in the 1930’s when sound enabled colourful dialogue by colourful characters, dramatic car crashes, and explosive machine-gun shootouts.

What was the movie that resurged gangster films?

The Godfather and the Godfather 2, both had great acting, mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing, and sound.

What is ambient sound?

Is the sound that emanates from the audience or background of the setting or environment being filmed. Jack from Blowout is a sound artist and one of his specialties is ambient sound

What is foley sound?

Named after Jack Foley, a technician at Universal Studios, who invented this category of sound effects in the 1920s and 30s. Foley sound that is recorded in a studio in synch with the picture.

What is the eveloution of screen acting?

Silent dilm acting, the influence of sound, acting in the classical studio studio era, method acting and screeen acting today.

Information aboutr the classical hollywood era?

Actors of this era were tightly controlled, restricted in long tern contracted with studios, peoducers and directors frequuently exerted a great deal of contril over performences.

What method acting?

Method acting is a technique where actors completely immerse themselves in their character's emotions and experiences. They use personal memories and emotions to create an authentic and realistic performance. Method actors do thorough research and preparation to understand their character's motivations and mindset. This approach was popularized by acting teachers like Constantin Stanislavski and Lee Strasberg.

What is casting?

The process of choosing and hiring actors for both leading and supporting roles

What are the decisions that go into casting? What are the desisions that go into casting someone like Joaquin Phoenix?

Talent, intessity, range, willingness to go to lengths in his charaterization (lose weight, gain weight, radically alter his appearence, undergo drugs, etc.) Usually these decisions are based on finding someone who’s “perfecr for the role,” Sometimes these decisions are intentionally made agaisnt the grain.

What are naturalistic and non-naturalistic acting styles?

Screen acting is n atrualistic when actors re-create a recognizable or plausible human behaviour on screen, the actors look like ther should be playing the charector that they are but also speak, think and move in they way the people would off screen. Nonnaturalistic performences seem excessive exaggerasted, even overacted; they may employ strage or outlansish costumes, makeup, or hair styles; they might aim for effects beyon the normal range of human experience; and they often inted to distance or estrange audience beyon the normal range of human experience; and they often inted to distance or estrange audience from characters. Frequently, they are foun in horror, fanstay and action films.

What is improvisaional acting?

Actting that departs from the script, acting that is developed in the moment, during the shoot, that fills in the script.

What is antirealism?

It is the creation of a world that is noting like our world and looks unrealistic.

Who is Andre Bazin? What is ontology?

Andre Bazin was one of the founders of cahiers du cinema one of the greatest of the post world-war 2 film journals and was a principal theorist of realism in the 1940-1950s. Ontology of the branch of metaphyscics dealing with the nature of being, in this case the nature of photographic image.

What is verisimilitude?

the appearacne of being real or true.

What was Bazin’s rules of antirealist cinema?

Overly fantastical cinema, overly formalist this includes sound, deep photo cinematography and the sequence shots

What is italian neorealism?

Bazin was among those who championed as a signifigant film movement which inlcuded on-location shooting, long takes and docuemntary-style cinematography, prefference for non-professional actors and prefference for narratives with less focus on cause-and-effect and a greater senc of ambiguity.

What was the french new wave?

The god father of this movement was Andre Bazin and Italian Neorealism. The french new wave created realist and anti-realist, switch back and forth from one mode to the other. (1960)

Who was Jean-luc Godard?

He was one of the greatest of the french new wave directors and its greatest theorist. One of his most famous sayings was a twist on Bazins theory of film and realism: “Photography is truth. And film is truth 24 times per second.”

What was Dogme 95?

This movement cinceded with cinemas “100th anniverary in 1995,” It argued that the New Waves had not gone far enough, that New wave cinemas had become saftely middle-class and middle-brow, it regected multi-million- dollar budgets, special effects and contemporary mainstream cinema. Embraced digetal video technology, called for radical under budget and broadly international film movemnet.

What was the Vow of Chasity

Tohmas VInterberg and Lars Von Trier created a manifesto for Dogme 95. It icluded shooting on location, props and sets must not be brought in, sound must never be produced apart from rhe images or vice versa, camera must be hand held, film must be in colour, special lighting is nor accepted, ooptical qwoek and filter are forbidden, must not contain superficial action, temporal and geographical alienation are forbidden, genre movies are not acceptable, the film must be in ACADAMY 35mm, and the director must refrain from putting personality in the film.

How did two days one night show realism?

It was all filmed in Seraing, Belguim, it focused on the lives of working class, the underclass abd petty criminals and moral quandaries. Sandra was the victom of a cruel ploy on the part of her employer, film is about the cruelty of the moden workplace, this film is about trying to regain dignity.

What charectorsitics make film unrealistic?

Cimenas two-dimensionality, reduce sence of depth, absesnce of colour, frame, diffrent space time cintinum and lack of sensory information.

What are tools and conventions are used to further distance film from reality?

fast and slow motion, fased, disolves and superimpositions, reverse motions, sudden still images, and distortions through the use of focus or fillers.

What is included in a formailist aesthetic?

dramtic camera movements, lens choices, etc., elaborite and unusal lighting, extreme patterning, special effects, assertive editing, and mannered acting

What is particular about Bordwell calls the Planimetric shot?

“the camera stands perpendicular to a rear surface, usually a wall. The characters are strung across the frame like clothes on a line. Sometimes they’re facing us… Sometimes the figures are in profile…”

What was silent cinemas aspect ratio?

Academy ration 1.375, this was used by all films between 1932-1952?

What aspect ratio did Rushmore use?

Anamorphic 2.35

What was the aspect ratio used in the 1980s to the present?

Widescreen 1.85

What aspect ratio was used in the 1960s?

The ustra-widescreen format 2.35

What aspect ratio was dominant between 1932 and 1952?

The squarish aspect ratio is called Academy with an aspect ratio of 1.375

What is the notion of the auteur and what is auteurism?

It means that directors are artists, and this name is given to directors with great agency and artistry.

What does auteur mean?

Synonyms with author, the idea was to give a great director the same amount of credits as you would a great author or artist.

What is the critera to definr an auteur?

Directors who exert a great amount of control over their films, who express a personal vision, who display a profound cinephilia (a profound love of cinema), and who create works of high artistic merit.

What are some characteristics of an auteurist in the 1950s-1970’s?

Objective realism, formalism and/or anti-realism, reflexivity, elliptical narratives, ambiguity, and authorial commentary.

How does Stanley Kubrick show auteurism?

Visionary cinematography, bold editing, extravagant mise-en-scene, audacious use of music, meticulous framing, and elliptical narratives.

Who directed Lady Bird and what did we connect it to?

Greta Gerwig and looking at movies

Who directed Memonto and what did we connect it to?

Christopher Nolan and film form

Who directed My Darling Clementine and what did we connect it to?

John Ford and Genre

Who directed Out of Sight and what did we connect it to?

Steven Soderbergh and narrative

Who directed Sunset Blvd. and what did we connect it to?

Billy Wilder and mise-en-scene

Who directed Moonlight and what did we connect it to?

Barry Jenkins and Cinematography

Who directed Phsycho and what did we connect it to?

Alfred Hitchcock and editing

Who directed Blow Out and what did we connect it to?

Brian De Palma and Sound

Who directed C’mon C’mon and what did we connect it to?

Mike Mills and Acting

Who directed Two Days One Night and what did we connect it to?

Dardenne Bros. and Realism

Who directed Rushmoore and what did we connect it to?

Wes Anderson and Formalism

Who directed 2001: Space Odyssey and what did we connect it to?

Stanley Kubrick and Auteurism