APES Unit B Test

Academic Content

  1. Temperature vs Thermal Energy and phase changes.

  2. Be able to name and spell these elements: H, C, N, O, F, Na, Al, P, Cl, K, Ca, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, U

  3. Be able to name and spell the following compounds.

    1. Compound names: CO2 , CH4, SO2, H2SO4, NH3, H2CO3

    2. Cation names:  NH4+   (ammonium)

    3. Anion names:   NO2-(nitrite), NO3-(nitrate),  PO43-   (phosphate)

  4. What is the difference between organic carbon vs inorganic carbon?  What are hydrocarbons? Describe the chemical reaction that happens when hydrocarbons burn.

  5. Mass vs weight. 

  6. Energy types and energy quality.

  7. Electromagnetic spectrum (frequency vs wavelength, and types)

  8. Laws of Thermodynamics and the environment (see SAQ below)

  9. How does heat transfer via conduction, convection, and radiation (see SAQ below)

  10. surface to volume ratio

    1. How does size, shape affect SVR?

    2. Why is high SVR important to living structures and engineered machines?

  11. What are chemical reactions?   Why is boiling water NOT a chem. reaction?  Why is combustion important in APES?

  12. Mixtures and concentration

    1. suspensions (esp., in nature)

    2. solutions (solute + solvent = solution, etc.), aqueous solutions

  13. Solubility of solids in water vs solubility of gases in water

  14. How the temperature of a solvent affects the solubility of gases.

  15. What is DO and the oxygen sag curve?  How does the oxygen sag happen?

  16. Acid/base chemistry (pH, acidity, basicity, neutral)

  17. Why does natural rainwater have a pH of 5 to 5.6?  

  18. What acid mostly causes acid rain and what human activity creates most of it?

  19. How does burning coal create anthropogenic acid rain?

  20. Ozone depletion and how the problem was fixed.

  21. Montreal Protocol and ODC’s

  22. Be able to understand important differences between ozone depletion and global warming!!  The chart in your notes is key to understanding.

  23. Maybe a thing or two I mentioned in class but forgot to write here.



Course statistics you should know:

  1. About 14,000 children under age 5 die each day, nearly all are preventable and most are in LDCs.

  2. There are approximately 8 billion people alive today.

  3. The United States accounts for approximately 4.5% of the world’s population.

  4. World carbon dioxide levels are higher than they have been in over 850,000 years.

  5. The pH of natural, unpolluted, rain is about 5.0-5.6.

  6. A healthy DO for most freshwater ecosystems is 8-10 ppm at the surface.

  7. One chlorine atom can destroy over 100,000 O3 molecules.