2. Multi store model

The Multi-Store Model Overview

Atkinson and Shiffrin Model (1968)

• Information passes through three stores: Sensory, Short-term, and Long-term.

• Attention is necessary for transfer between stores.

• Forgetting can occur through decay or interference.

Characteristics of Each Store

1. Sensory Store: Holds information for less than one second.

2. Short-term Store: Holds about seven items for 15-30 seconds without rehearsal.

3. Long-term Store: Indefinite duration and unlimited capacity; information is retained post-rehearsal.

Memory Store Distinctions

• Coding: Sensory (sensory form), STM (acoustic), LTM (semantic).

• Capacity: Sensory (limited), STM (7 items), LTM (unlimited).

Evaluating the Multi-Store Model

Strengths

• Supported by extensive research.

• Distinguishes between different memory types and their functions.

Weaknesses

• Too simplistic; ignores complexity of memory processes.

• Does not account for elaborative rehearsal or the diversity of long-term memory.

Case Study: Henry Molaison (H.M.)

Overview

• Background: Underwent surgery in 1953 affecting his hippocampus and amygdala.

• Findings:

  • Impaired episodic memory; inability to form new episodic memories.

  • Preserved procedural memory; could learn new motor skills.

  • Intact semantic memory; retained pre-surgery knowledge.

Conclusion

• H.M.'s case illustrates distinct memory types and the role of specific brain regions in memory storage.

Recap Questions

1. What are the three stores in the multi-store model of memory? (3 marks)

2. What must we do to information for it to transfer from STM to LTM? (1 mark)

3. Who proposed the multi-store model? (1 mark)

Exam Preparation

Outline & Evaluate Task

• Key points to note for responses during exams about the multi-store model and its evaluation techniques.

• Practice outlining the model and providing evidence for its evaluation as part of exam preparation.