PHED 5

spatial Heterogeneity: humans can have two different type of cancer at the same time.

temporal Heterogeneity: it changes with time and it becomes more aggressive with time.

Benign:

• doesn't spread but grows, but it can turn into malignant. untreated, prevent body functions.

Malignant

• Spreads, dangerous.

• Normal cell structure: has one of everything.

• Cancer cell structure: has more than one.

• first four stages of cancer usually isn't deadly.

• When it reaches the fifth stage becomes deadly.

treatments of Comer:

• Surgery - chemotherapy - radiation

• Radio therapy targets cancer cell but it also damages the cells around it.

cause of cancer: lite style

• Immune memory increases with physical activity,

• smoking is linker to 13 different types of cancer.

  • lungs, respiratory, oral, tongue ..... etc

Connection between cancer and lifestyle emerged in 1775 by British physician pretrial Dot.

what is cancer?

Cancer is a malignant tumor and is not considered a single disease.

Cancer develops from an abnormal growth in healthy cells that the body is unable to stope from growing; the spread of the growth can be uncontrollable.

tumor Heterogeneity:

• Spatial Heterogeneity: having more than one tumor that have different mixtures is one body.

• Temporal Heterogeneity: over time and under treatment, tumor cells activate survival mechanisms to modify them selves.

How do cancer cells develop?

• Chemicals, radiation, viruses, and heredity all cause changes to the Cells genes that lead to cancer. They invade normal cells, this leads to abnormal cell growth, or mutation.

• I takes years for cancer to develop.

Types of early detection techniques for cancer:

• Biopsies- Xray - genetic testing-endoscopy-blood tests.

Aypes of Biopsy:

• Fine needle aspiration: remove the least amount of cells.

• Core needle biopsy: a core sample of cells is removed from tumor. scar, need stitches.

• Incisioral a wedge sample of cells is taken from the tumor. may cause large scar and need stitches.

type of imaging:

ultrasound - mammogram - MRI - Cl

Endoscopy:

• common site when these flexible tubes can be inserted are the throat, esophagus, bladder, colon, and rectum.

two main causes of cancer:

• Genetics 5%

• Lite style and behavior 95%

Smoking is linked to 13 different types of cancer including:

• lung, upper respiratory trad, esophagus, oral, tongue, bladder, pancreas, stomach, live, kidney.

• 2010-2014 smoking caused more them 87% of all lunge cancer deaths.

Diet and physical activity:

Being overweight or obese is linked to certain types of cancer:

• liver, pancreatic, Kidney, stomach, and colorectal cancer.

In order to get ahead start on preventing cancer, being physical active for a weekly total of 150 minutes.