Linguistics
Linguistics - scientific study of language.
Phonetics - the science of human speech sounds.
Three Categories of Sounds: Phoneme, Phone and Allophone
Phoneme - abstract: unit to distinguish meaning (concept)
Phone - concrete: physical realization (use).
Allophone -non-distinctive:variant of phoneme.
Phoneme- abstract minimal sound unit of a particular language; capable of distinguishing different words in that language.
Minimal Pair Technique- words that are almost identical except for one sound in the same position (one phonemic difference)
Types of Minimal Pair: Initial, Vowel, and Final
Initial Minimal Pair
Vowel/ Central Minimal Pair
Final Minimal Pair
Branches of Phonetics: Articulatory, Acoustic, and Auditory(A.A.A)
Articulatory Phonetics- (production) oldest branch. Examines the articulatory (vocal) organs and their role in the production of speech sounds.
Acoustic Phonetics-(transmission) deals with the physical properties of speech sounds as they travel through the air in the form of sounds.
Auditory Phonetics- (perception) examines the way in which human beings perceive speech sounds through the medium of the air.
Main Tasks of Phonetics: Notation & Description
Notation- transcription symbols (assign a symbol for the sound) to make an accurate and unambiguous record of what goes on in speech.
International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) - transcription symbol that contains symbols for the hundred or so speech sounds that can be distinguished in human language.
Description - description (characterization) of speech sound. Which body part is used to deliver the sound (vocal tract).
Classification of Phoneme (Segment)
Vowel- produced by shaping the oral cavity to give the sound a particular color or timbre.
“All Vowels are voiced”
Monopthong- (1) single vowel sound
Dipthong- (2) complex two-vowel sound
Tripthong- (3) three-vowel sound that glides together. (Dipthong+Monopthong)
Consonant- produce with partial restrictions of the vocal tract.