QUIZ 5

Which of the following is NOT an alternative sentencing option discussed in class? 5-10 years

The belief that the punishment for committing a crime should have a direct relationship to the severity of the crime is referred to as: proportionality 

Based on the corrections history video in Chapter 15, during the beginning of the 1900s the focus on the goals of corrections shifted towards? Rehabilitation

What is the term that refers to a criminal offender who is required to pay back their victim, either with money or by work? Restitution

Match the description to the appropriate factor 

Prior conviction of a violent felony - aggravating

Multiple murder - aggravating

Torture during the commission of murder - aggravating 

Killing during an escape - aggravating 

No significant prior criminal record - mitigating 

Extreme mental or emotional illness - mitigating 

Minor participation in a killing - mitigating

A youth at the time of the murder - mitigating 

Many states today have laws that provide for a sentence of death, also referred to as capital punishment,  for certain serious, violent crimes. True 

Match the sentence strategy to its description 

Indeterminate - minimum to a maximum

Consecutive - all in a row 

Determinate - fixed terms

Concurrent - all at once

According to the restorative justice video in Chapter 15, restorative justice, in part, is about feeling sorry for committing a crime. False 

In relation to the death penalty phase of a capital case, aggravating factors make things better and mitigating factors make things worse. False

What term means crimes that are similar should be punished at the same level of severity and should  exclude any personal or social characteristics of the offender? Equity 

Match the % of young people sexting to their ages according to the video in Chapter 13:

4% - 12 year olds

20% - 16 year olds

30% - 17 year olds

Drugs that affect the brain are referred to as physically active while drugs that affect the body are referred to as psychologically active: false 

The term discussed in class meaning managing, controlling, owning or otherwise facilitating a business for the purpose of prostitution.  This would include providing/procuring prostitutes for others as well as transporting people for the purpose of prostitution is? Promoting 

The following elements describe what test related to obscenity? 

Whether "the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that the work, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest, 

Whether the work depicts or describes, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct or excretory functions specifically defined by applicable state law, 

Whether the work, taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value. Miller test

According to the text, offering or engaging in a sexual act for hire describes what crime? Prostitution 

In the video about legalizing sex work the following suggestion was made: people who patronize prostitutes should be held criminally accountable while prostitutes themselves should not. True 

According to the video on Mass Incarceration, how many people are currently in prison in the U.S.? 2.2 million

The term that means having or encouraging an excessive interest in sexual matters is: prurient interest 

Victimless crimes are characterized by the fact that the people involved in these types of activities are not usually willing participants. False 

According to the Controlled Substance Act, what schedule does fentanyl fall under? II

The Higher Education Amendments of 1998 is enacted was designed to address what on college campuses? Illegal alcohol consumption and binge drinking 

Match the theory to it's description

Equal protection theory - asserts that victims of crime should receive compensation to make amends for the broad imbalances in society that create different levels of social conditions… 

Government negligence theory - asserts that harm to the victim was a result of the negligence of the government in failing to protect the victim and, therefore, should compensate the victim…

Strict liability theory - asserts that victims of crime are due compensation because the social contract between society and the victim has been damaged due to the experience of…

The headquarters for the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children is located in? Alexandria, VA

According to the video on The Social Contract Theory, which of the following is one of the most often cited examples of the social contract in America? The constitution of the united states 

Match the description to the time period 

The period of time before written law had been clearly established estimated to be near 1800-2000 BC. This was the same period of time when Hammurabi's Code emerged. During this historical epoch, tribal law ruled the day and victims of crime played a major role in deciding on what punishment would be given to someone found guilty of harming them or their property. This was a time when the only solution to criminal actions was direct retribution from victim to accused. - golden age of victim

The period during the middle ages (1500) through to the 1900s where during this time the state (government) assumed total responsibility for handling crime and allowed no input from victims. It was this point in time where crime was not considered to be committed against an individual but against the state (government). Victims of crime were viewed merely as pieces of evidence in criminal matters and were not involved in any decisions. - dark age of the victim 

Starting from the mid 1900's victims were, to some degree, rediscovered. This was a time where different sociological theories were being discussed relating to the circumstances and characteristics of individual victims of crime such as age, race, gender and socio-economic background. In the latter part of the 1900's there was a legal shift in how victims of crime were to be treated both at the federal and state government levels which resulted in the creation of numerous laws designed to protect victims and their rights. - the reemergance age 

According to the video on victim's rights, which of the following is NOT a part of what a victim is entitled to participate in? Interrogation 

According to the video about former Olympic doctor Larry Nassar at his sentencing,  about how many victims gave victim impact statements? 100

It's common and accepted knowledge that civilians are authorized to "Press the Charge" against alleged criminal actors. False

The person/party who has the legal authority to prosecute someone for having committed a criminal offense.  This is usually either the state or the government. The term for this description is? Victim at law

All 50 states, District of Columbia, US Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, & Guam have established crime victim compensation programs. true