Abnormal Psych Exam 2 Study

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Set 1: Original Flashcards (40)
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Q: What are the main moods involved in mood disorders?
A: Mania and Depression
Q: If left untreated, how long might depressive episodes last (diagnosed or undiagnosed MDD)?
A: Six to nine months
Q: (True or False) Normal depression is expected to occur when we go through painful life events, lasting up to several weeks.
A: True
Q: What is depression recurrence?
A: A new episode of depression
Q: What disorder is characterized by feeling overwhelmed after giving birth, with symptoms of sadness, irritability, and crying?
A: Postpartum depression
Q: What are the components of Beck’s negative cognitive triad?
A: Negative views of self, world, and future
Q: What is the primary difference between Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 disorder?
A: Bipolar 1 involves full manic episodes that last at least 7 days or require hospitalization, while Bipolar 2 involves hypomanic episodes combined with depressive episodes without full-blown mania
Q: Which form of treatment aims to teach the patient how to notice and challenge dysfunctional beliefs and negative automatic thoughts?
A: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Q: What is the National Suicide Prevention Hotline number?
A: 988
Q: What proportion of teenagers and young adults report engaging in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI)?
A: Approximately 15-20%
Q: What is a cause of somatic symptom disorder?
A: Psychological factors such as stress or trauma, leading to physical symptoms without a medical explanation
Q: If an individual experiences physical symptoms that cause significant psychological distress, with thoughts disproportionate to the seriousness of their symptoms, what might they be diagnosed with?
A: Somatic symptom disorder
Q: Are people with conversion disorder intentionally faking their symptoms?
A: No, the symptoms are not intentionally produced; they are associated with psychological conflict
Q: What is the difference between factitious disorder and malingering?
A: Factitious disorder involves intentional production of symptoms for psychological reasons, while malingering involves faking symptoms for external incentives like financial gain
Q: How are somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders similar?
A: Both involve psychological distress manifesting as physical symptoms or altered consciousness
Q: If someone feels detached from their own body and mental processes, lacking initiative and self-control, which disorder might they be diagnosed with?
A: Depersonalization/Derealization disorder
Q: If someone experienced trauma early in life and now has several alters that serve to protect them, which disorder would they be diagnosed with?
A: Dissociative Identity Disorder
Q: Why is Dissociative Identity Disorder no longer referred to as “Multiple Personality Disorder”?
A: Because the term inaccurately suggests the existence of distinct, separate personalities when it actually involves a fragmented sense of self
Q: Why do some people develop Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)?
A: Trauma
Q: What is a prominent treatment for Somatic Symptom & Dissociative Disorders?
A: Hypnosis
Q: What are common features of personality disorders?
A: Enduring patterns of behavior and inner experiences that deviate from cultural expectations, are inflexible, and lead to significant impairment or distress
Q: Which trait is characterized by being adventurous and willing to try or learn something new?
A: Openness
Q: Which trait is characterized by being loyal, trusting, and empathetic?
A: Agreeableness
Q: Which disorder is characterized by being distrusting, blaming, neurotic, and holding grudges?
A: Paranoid personality disorder
Q: Why are people with personality disorders often difficult to treat?
A: They often do not believe they need to change, can be deceitful toward the therapist, and may struggle to form a therapeutic alliance
Q: Which disorder is characterized by being deceitful, aggressive, antisocial, and disregarding the rights of others?
A: Antisocial personality disorder
Q: Which cluster of personality disorders is characterized by being dramatic, emotional, and erratic?
A: Cluster B
Q: Which disorder is characterized by having a grandiose sense of entitlement, being dominant, easily taking offense, and being low in agreeableness?
A: Narcissistic personality disorder
Q: What is the difference between antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy?
A: ASPD focuses more on criminality and lawbreaking, while psychopathy includes emotional deficits, impulsivity, and a lack of empathy
Q: Which disorder is characterized by extreme social inhibition and hypersensitivity to criticism?
A: Avoidant personality disorder
Q: Regarding genetic factors of alcohol use disorder, what is agreed upon by experts?
A: Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, with heritability estimates ranging from 40% to 60%
Q: What will Antabuse do for a recovering alcoholic?
A: It makes the patient sick (causing vomiting) if they consume alcohol
Q: Which type of treatment option teaches the client about alcohol, stress management, and life skills?
A: Skills training procedure
Q: (True or False) Empirical research indicates that Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a highly effective treatment option.
A: False
Q: What does the dopamine theory of addiction suggest?
A: Addiction is a result of a dysregulation in the brain’s pleasure pathway
Q: Which drug is a treatment option for heroin addiction that satisfies cravings without causing major psychological impairment?
A: Methadone
Q: Which stimulant might cause rapid, unclear speech, shakiness, and sweating, and is also used to treat narcolepsy?
A: Amphetamines
Q: What are some possible effects of nicotine?
A: Cancer, cardiovascular disease, and heart disease
Q: (True or False) Hallucinogens create sensory images.
A: False (They distort sensory stimuli to create unusual perceptions)
Q: Which type of treatment, effective for cocaine addiction, is based on the operant conditioning model and offers rewards for meeting treatment targets?
A: Contingency Management

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Set 2: Quiz Flashcards (40) – Multiple-Choice Style
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Q: Which of the following statements is true regarding somatic symptom disorder?
A:
A. Physical symptoms are always explained by a medical condition
B. The symptoms are feigned intentionally for gain
C. Symptoms may develop as a defense mechanism against unresolved emotions
D. There is no psychological distress associated with the symptoms
Correct Answer: C
Q: An individual experiences physical symptoms that cause significant psychological distress, and their thoughts about these symptoms are excessive. Which diagnosis does this most closely align with?
A:
A. Conversion disorder
B. Somatic symptom disorder
C. Factitious disorder
D. Malingering
Correct Answer: B
Q: Regarding conversion disorder, which statement is false?
A:
A. The symptoms are not under voluntary control
B. Psychological conflict is associated with the symptoms
C. People with conversion disorder intentionally fake their symptoms
D. The symptoms may resemble neurological deficits
Correct Answer: C
Q: What is the main difference between factitious disorder and malingering?
A:
A. Both involve external incentives
B. Malingering involves external incentives while factitious disorder does not
C. Factitious disorder is voluntary, malingering is not
D. There is no difference; they are the same
Correct Answer: B
Q: How do somatic symptom disorders compare with dissociative disorders in terms of manifesting stress?
A:
A. Both reflect conscious attempts to avoid stress
B. Both are expressions of stress when coping mechanisms are overwhelmed
C. Somatic symptom disorders are entirely physical while dissociative disorders are mental
D. Dissociative disorders occur only in the absence of stress
Correct Answer: B
Q: A patient reports feeling detached from their body, lacking initiative and self-control. Which disorder is most likely?
A:
A. Depersonalization/Derealization disorder
B. Dissociative Identity Disorder
C. Somatic symptom disorder
D. Bipolar disorder
Correct Answer: A
Q: After early life trauma, an individual exhibits distinct identities or "alters" that serve to protect them. What is the diagnosis?
A:
A. Dissociative Identity Disorder
B. Depersonalization/Derealization disorder
C. Borderline Personality Disorder
D. Schizophrenia
Correct Answer: A
Q: Why has the term "Multiple Personality Disorder" been replaced in clinical practice?
A:
A. Because it incorrectly implies the existence of distinct, separate personalities
B. Because it focused on behavioral symptoms rather than cognitive processes
C. Because it was too closely associated with malingering
D. Because it confused the diagnosis with bipolar disorder
Correct Answer: A
Q: Which factor is most commonly associated with the development of Dissociative Identity Disorder?
A:
A. Genetic predisposition
B. Early childhood trauma
C. Substance abuse
D. Physical illness
Correct Answer: B
Q: What is a prominent treatment for Somatic Symptom & Dissociative Disorders according to recent academic recommendations?
A:
A. Prolonged exposure therapy
B. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
C. Medication management
D. Hypnosis
Correct Answer: D
(Note: This flashcard reflects your professor’s preference.)
Q: Which of the following best describes a common feature of personality disorders?
A:
A. Temporary changes in behavior based on mood
B. Enduring, inflexible patterns that deviate from cultural expectations
C. Isolated episodes of abnormal behavior
D. Rapid shifts in personality traits
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which personality trait involves being adventurous and open to new experiences?
A:
A. Conscientiousness
B. Neuroticism
C. Openness
D. Extraversion
Correct Answer: C
Q: Which personality trait best describes someone who is loyal, trusting, and empathetic?
A:
A. Agreeableness
B. Openness
C. Extraversion
D. Conscientiousness
Correct Answer: A
Q: Which disorder is associated with persistent distrust, blaming others, and holding grudges?
A:
A. Borderline personality disorder
B. Paranoid personality disorder
C. Narcissistic personality disorder
D. Histrionic personality disorder
Correct Answer: B
Q: What is one of the main challenges in treating individuals with personality disorders?
A:
A. They are always willing to change
B. They often deny that they need to change and may be deceitful toward the therapist
C. They have a high response rate to medication
D. They quickly form a therapeutic alliance
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which disorder is characterized by deceitful and aggressive behavior that disregards the rights of others?
A:
A. Borderline personality disorder
B. Avoidant personality disorder
C. Antisocial personality disorder
D. Schizoid personality disorder
Correct Answer: C
Q: To which personality disorder cluster does Narcissistic personality disorder belong?
A:
A. Cluster A
B. Cluster B
C. Cluster C
D. It does not belong to any cluster
Correct Answer: B
Q: What is a key characteristic of Narcissistic personality disorder?
A:
A. A grandiose sense of entitlement and dominance, with low empathy
B. Severe social withdrawal and fear of criticism
C. Rapid mood swings and impulsivity
D. A preoccupation with orderliness and perfection
Correct Answer: A
Q: How does antisocial personality disorder differ from psychopathy?
A:
A. There is no difference
B. ASPD focuses more on legal issues, while psychopathy includes emotional deficits and impulsivity
C. Psychopathy only involves criminal behavior, while ASPD focuses on emotional instability
D. ASPD is characterized by empathy, while psychopathy is not
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which personality disorder is characterized by extreme social inhibition and a fear of criticism?
A:
A. Schizotypal personality disorder
B. Borderline personality disorder
C. Avoidant personality disorder
D. Dependent personality disorder
Correct Answer: C
Q: What do experts agree upon regarding the genetic factors involved in alcohol use disorder?
A:
A. There is no genetic component
B. Environmental factors are solely responsible
C. Genetic predisposition accounts for 40% to 60% of the risk
D. It is entirely hereditary
Correct Answer: C
Q: What is the effect of Antabuse in treating alcohol dependence?
A:
A. It reduces cravings by balancing neurotransmitters
B. It causes unpleasant physical reactions, such as vomiting, if alcohol is consumed
C. It induces sedation to avoid withdrawal
D. It prevents alcohol metabolism
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which treatment approach involves teaching clients about alcohol, stress management, and life skills?
A:
A. Motivational interviewing
B. 12-step program
C. Skills training procedure
D. Psychoanalysis
Correct Answer: C
Q: Regarding the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous, which statement is best supported by empirical research?
A:
A. AA is overwhelmingly effective for everyone
B. AA is highly effective according to all studies
C. AA effectiveness is mixed; research indicates it is not highly effective
D. AA completely cures addiction
Correct Answer: C
Q: What does the dopamine theory of addiction propose?
A:
A. Addiction results from a structural brain abnormality
B. Addiction is solely a result of genetic predisposition
C. Addiction is due to a dysregulation in the brain's "pleasure pathway"
D. Addiction is caused by environmental stress alone
Correct Answer: C
Q: Which medication is used as a treatment option for heroin addiction by satisfying cravings without causing major impairment?
A:
A. Naltrexone
B. Methadone
C. Buprenorphine
D. Naloxone
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which stimulant, also used in treating narcolepsy, might cause rapid, unclear speech, shakiness, and sweating when abused?
A:
A. Cocaine
B. Amphetamines
C. MDMA
D. Nicotine
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which of the following are potential adverse effects of nicotine usage?
A:
A. Improved cardiovascular health
B. Cancer, cardiovascular disease, and heart disease
C. Enhanced immune system
D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: B
Q: Regarding hallucinogens, which of the following is true?
A:
A. They create entirely new sensory images
B. They have no effect on perception
C. They distort existing sensory input, leading to unusual perceptions
D. They only affect auditory perception
Correct Answer: C
Q: Which treatment based on operant conditioning offers rewards for meeting treatment targets and is effective for cocaine addiction?
A:
A. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
B. Contingency Management
C. Motivational Enhancement Therapy
D. Aversion Therapy
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which mood disorder is characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania?
A:
A. Major Depressive Disorder
B. Bipolar Disorder
C. Cyclothymic Disorder
D. Dysthymia
Correct Answer: B
Q: What is a key characteristic of a depressive episode?
A:
A. Elevated mood and increased energy
B. Loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities
C. Inflated self-esteem
D. Racing thoughts
Correct Answer: B
Q: In the context of mood disorders, what is typically considered an expected response to a significant negative life event?
A:
A. Major Depressive Disorder
B. Normal depression
C. Bipolar disorder
D. Postpartum depression
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which of the following treatments is considered a frontline therapy for major depressive disorder?
A:
A. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
B. Antidepressant medication combined with psychotherapy
C. Hypnosis
D. Exposure therapy
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which psychological therapy focuses on changing maladaptive thought patterns?
A:
A. Psychoanalysis
B. Behavioral Activation
C. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
D. Humanistic Therapy
Correct Answer: C
Q: What is the typical hallmark of hypomanic episodes in Bipolar II disorder?
A:
A. Severe impairment requiring hospitalization
B. Elevated mood with noticeable energy but not as severe as full mania
C. Persistent depressive symptoms
D. Psychotic features
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which condition is most specifically associated with postpartum onset following childbirth?
A:
A. Postpartum blues
B. Postpartum depression
C. Adjustment disorder
D. Panic disorder
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which statement best distinguishes factitious disorder from malingering?
A:
A. Both are concerned with external rewards
B. Factitious disorder is driven by a desire to assume the sick role without clear external incentives
C. Malingering is always related to a primary psychiatric condition
D. Factitious disorder is characterized by the inability to produce symptoms
Correct Answer: B
Q: What aspect of Beck’s negative cognitive triad is often targeted in treatment for depression?
A:
A. Overestimation of personal abilities
B. Negative views about the future
C. Enhanced self-esteem
D. Lack of any cognitive distortions
Correct Answer: B
Q: Which type of therapy specifically emphasizes a structured and time-limited approach to address substance abuse?
A:
A. Psychodynamic Therapy
B. Skills Training Procedure
C. Interpersonal Therapy
D. Group Therapy
Correct Answer: B

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And that's a wrap!
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