Key Terms and Concepts

Conflicting Worldview

Part II

Topic 12 Absolutism and Revolution

Lesson 4 The Enlightenment 

1. natural law - Principle discovered through reason that governs human conduct

2. Social Contract - Contract with government where people give up freedom to avoid chaos

3. natural rights - Human rights from birth for life, liberty and property

4. Philosophe - “philosopher” in french, person who wanted to reform society during enlightenment

5. Voltaire - Poet, essayist, historian, and philosopher, who wrote with sarcasm and wit. Sent to Bastille twice for writing against the French government.

6. laissez faire - System where the government stays out of the economy, and the economy is ruled solely by supply and demand.

7. Adam Smith - Scottish economist, wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which shaped economics for 200 years.

8. free market - Supply and demand regulated market

9. free enterprise system - [Capitalism] in which private businesses compete against each other with little interference from the government

10. Censorship - restricted access to ideas or information

11. Salon - Social gatherings where artists, poets, writers, philosophers, and scientists would share ideas and theories.

12. Baroque - Ornate style of art and architecture popular in France 1600s/1700s

13. Rococo - elegant style of art and architecture including shells, leaves and flowers

14. enlightened despot - absolute ruler who uses power to bring social change

15. Joseph II - Holy Roman Emperor in Austria, modernized and reformed government, abolished serfdom, encouraged freedom of the press, supported religious equality even for jews.

Topic 12 Absolutism and Revolution

Lesson 7 A Radical Phase

1. Emigre - A person who flees their country for political reasons

2. Sans-culottes - Person in the working class who radicalized the French Revolution, men wore long trousers instead of fancy knee breeches

3. Jacobin - Person involved in a radical political club during French Revolution

4. Suffrage - Right to vote

5. Maximilen Robespierre - French Revolutionary elected to the Estates-General, member of the Jacobin party and Committee of Public Safety

6. Reign of Terror - Time period within the French Revolution from September 1793 to July 1793 in which people were arrested for not supporting the revolution

7. Guillotine - Device used for beheading people during the reign of terror

8. Napoleon Bonaparte - Military genius, elected council for life, later crowned himself France’s emperor

9. Nationalism - That regardless of race or ethnicity, people in a nation are a distinct group

10. Marseilles - Song that became the national anthem of France after French troops marched to it while leaving a port city in France