military industrial complex - large military corporations that make the U.S. weapons

1960 election - first to include televised debates (60-70 million viewers between Nixon and JFK) JFK won, youngest president nominated and elected as president, represented youth compared to Eisenhower

JFK promises to aid education, federal support of health care, urban renewal, civil rights

Yuri Gagarin - Russian cosmonaut who was the first man to go into outerspace

May 1961 - congress of racial equality (CORE); improves race relations etc.

MLK goes to Birmingham (1963), led campaign against segregation

MLK’s March on Washington - largest civil rights demonstration in history, August 28, 1963, MLK had the “I have a dream” speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, led directly to Civil Rights Act of 1964

Bay of Pigs invasion - JFK inherited CIA plan to topple Fidel Castro from power by invading Cuba with anti-communist Cuban refugees, April 17, 1961; botched invasion/USSR sends Cuba missiles and nuclear weapons

Cuban missile crisis - tense confrontation caused when the U.S. discovered Soviet offensive missile sites in October 1962

ARVN - army of the republic of Vietnam (southern Vietnamese army)

Lyndon Johnson sworn into office after JFK’s assassination - domestic agenda named Great Society, plans to use federal government to enhance social welfare and use education and job training to help disadvantaged people (head start freedom)

Civil Rights Act (1964) - signed by LBJ on July 2nd, prohibited discrimination in private facilities such as restaurants and theaters open to the public and set equal employment opportunities commission (EEOC) to end discrimination in employment, direct response to March on Washington

Voting Rights Act (1965) - outlawed literacy tests and other discriminatory voting practices, direct response to 1965 Selma to Montgomery march

Freedom Summer (1964) - highly publicized campaign to register blacks in the Deep South during the summer of 1964.

Bloody Sunday (March 7, 1965) - 60 people were attacked on a march to Selma, Alabama

24th Amendment - 1964, bans poll taxes

Hart-Cellar Act - ended quotas based on national origins of 1920’s, racially neutral criteria, new limit on immigrants from the western hemisphere

New Deal and Great Society Similarities - government sponsored employment programs, government support for the arts, federal programs to encourage housing construction, and federal legislation to help the elderly

New Deal and Great Society Differences - preschool education for disadvantaged children was an innovative Great Society program, great society included civil rights legislation

1965-66 - both had bloody race riots in major cities across America - watts community in LA, Chicago, and 40 other cities; shift in civil rights movement to urban areas

Chicago freedom movement (1965-6) - called for end of discrimination by employers and unions, equal access to mortgages, integration on public housing, construction of low-income housing

New rallying cry of Black Power - movement advocated that African Americans establish control of their political and economic life (separatism if necessary)

stokely carmichael - head of SNCC

Black Panthers - urban revolutionaries- provocative, armed and targeted by the FBI, leaders: Huey Newton, Bobby, Seale, Eldridge Cleaver

war hawk - supports war

war dove - opposes war

LBJ authorized operation rolling thunder, prolonged air attack, used B-52 bombers

VC - Viet Cong - South Vietnamese supported by north Vietnam (communist supporting)

NVA - north Vietnam army

Tet offensive, 1968 - late January, Viet Cong launched a series of attacks on 27 key South vietnamese cities, undermined LBJ’s credibilities

Kent St. Ohio (1970) protest gets national guard to five at protesters (4 killed, 9 wounded)

Betty Friedan - author of the feminine mystique, 1st president of national organization for women (NOW) founded in 1966

silent spring written by Rachel Carson, opposition of DDT

April 4, 1968 - MLK killed

June 6, 1968 - Robert Kennedy shot by Palestinian because of his pro-Israel stance

VP Hubert Humphrey won Democratic nomination (1968 election), war hawk

George Wallace - white supremacist, states rights, pro segregation, war hawk, candidate for the American Independent party

Richard Nixon - Republican Candidate, appealed to middle class, promised to restore law and order, hawk on vietnam

once elected, Nixon used a withdrawal method known as vietnamization (peace with honors)

March 1969 began a 14 month long bombing campaign aimed at communist forces in cambodia

26th Amendment - 18 year olds can vote

Henry Kissinger - Nixon’s national security advisor

Vietnam war reached armistice at the Paris peace accords in January 1973

War Powers Act - the president must inform Congress within 48 hours if forces are sent into hostile areas without a declaration of war

Detente - relaxation of tensions between U.S. and the communist world

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)

New Federalism - plan that called for distributing a portion of federal power to state and local government (block grants)

Warren Court - sexual freedom, rights of criminals, practice of religion, civil rights

Burger Court - conservative, although reluctant to dismantle liberal rulings of Warren Court, enacted Roe v. Wade

Energy crisis of 1974 - after U.S. aided Israel in 1973 in defense against Egypt and Syria, Arab nations enacted on embargo against U.S.

5 month embargo signaled an end to cheap and abundant energy

Title IX passed by congress in 1972

Milliken v. Bradley

U. Cal v. Bakke

U.S. v. Wheeler

Cesar Chaves

Dolores Huerta

Carter’s foreign policy - Iran and hostage crisis

SALT II talks

Carter Doctrine

1979, Soviets invade afghanistan - detente over

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) - organization founded in 1960 to coordinate civil rights sit-ins and other forms of grassroots protest

Freedom Rides- bus journeys challenging racial segregation in the south in 1961

Great society - term coined by LBJ in his 1965 state of the union address, in which he proposed legislation to address problems of voting rights, poverty, diseases, adulation, immigration, and the enviroment

war on poverty - plan announced by LBJ in his 1964 state of the union address

Black Power - post 1966 rallying cry of a more militant civil rights movement

New Left - radical youth protest movement of the 1960s named by leader Tom Hayden to distinguish from the old Marxist-Lenninist left of the 1930s