Theoretical Perspectives: Occupation Based Models
Week 11 - Occupation Based Models
Introduction
Presented by: Dr. Wesam Darawsheh, OTR/L, BScOT, MScOT, PhD
Recognition: 2018-2019 Fulbright Post-Doctoral Research Grantee; 2020 Cordelia Myers Best Article Recipient
Objectives of the Session
Identify and discuss various examples of ecological models, such as:
Ecology of Human Performance
PEOP (Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance)
PEO (Person-Environment-Occupation)
Differentiate between EHP, PEOP, and PEO.
Apply ecological models and the occupational adaptation model to various case studies.
Discuss occupational adaptation as a model and a construct.
Ecology of Human Performance
Overview
Originator: Winnie Dunn
Influence: Inspired by the disability civil rights movement.
Accessibility: Language is suitable for several disciplines.
Key Elements:
Integration of person, context, and task in relation to human performance.
Occupational performance is viewed within the scope of the natural environment.
Performance is influenced by past experiences and context.
Addresses various elements of an environment:
Physical
Social
Temporal
Cultural
Evaluation Methods
Utilizes specific checklists and the sensory profile for assessments.
Intervention Strategies
Establish: Create new routines or practices.
Alter: Modify the environment or tasks, e.g., using adaptive tools for fall prevention.
Adapt/Modify: Provide structured instructions for clients with conditions such as schizophrenia.
Prevent: Implement strategies to avert dysfunction.
Create: Enhance and develop more enriching and complex performance opportunities.
Person-Environment-Occupation Model (PEO)
The Model
Three Circles Model: Represents the interaction and overlap between person, environment, and occupation.
Outcome Perspective: Occupational performance is a result of the transactional relationship among the three circles.
Life Span Influence: Performance can change throughout a person’s lifespan.
Assessment Tools: While specific evaluations are not outlined, various tools from MOHO (Model of Human Occupation) can be applied to PEO.
Intervention Basis: Focused on occupation-based approaches.
Occupational Adaptation
Key Principles
Approach: A top-down perspective focusing on internal adaptive processes.
Therapeutic Climate: Defines the roles of both therapist and client in the therapeutic process.
Occupational Demands: Occupational demands arise naturally from the client’s roles and contexts.
Occupational Competence: A continuous process adjusting to both internal and external demands to enhance functionality.
Components of Occupational Adaptation
Person: Comprises sensorimotor, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects reflecting the desire for mastery.
Occupation Environment: Encompasses social, physical, and cultural systems which dictate the demand for mastery.
Occupational Response: Results from the interaction of person and environment, characterized by self-initiation, generalization, and perceived mastery.
Assumptions of Occupational Adaptation
Occupation serves as the medium for adaptation.
The desire to participate acts as the catalyst for adaptation.
A heightened need for adaptation correlates with increased importance of adaptation and the presence of significant challenges or disruptions.
Function and Dysfunction in Occupational Adaptation
Definitions
Function
The individual is able to engage in and perform occupations with a sense of mastery that satisfies both societal and personal standards.
Dysfunction
The demands placed on the individual exceed their capacity for adaptation.
Adaptive Subprocesses
Generation: The creation of strategies and responses to adaptation.
Evaluation: Assessing the effectiveness of the adaptation strategies employed.
Integration: Incorporating successful adaptive strategies into routine practices and behaviors.
Conclusion
Understanding these models and processes allows for a holistic approach to occupational therapy aimed at enhancing client participation and performance in daily life activities.