HIST 1013 Final Exam Study Guide
HIST 1013 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Exam Structure
Section I: Fill-In-The-Blank Questions Preparation
Study Method: Recommended to create note cards – term on one side, definition from lectures on the other. Quiz daily.
Terms to Master:
Articles of Confederation: The first constitution of the United States, created a weak national government and led to challenges in governance.
Land Ordinance of 1785: Established a systematic process for surveying, selling, and settling land in the northwest territories.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787: A policy for admitting new states to the Union from the Northwest Territory, establishing a framework for governance and rights.
Shay’s Rebellion: An armed uprising in 1786-1787 led by Daniel Shays in response to economic injustices and lack of governmental support.
Three Fifths Compromise: A compromise reached during the Constitutional Convention regarding the counting of enslaved people for representation in Congress, where each enslaved person would be counted as three-fifths of a person.
Great Compromise: Established a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.
Virginia Plan: Proposed a strong national government with a bicameral legislature based on population.
New Jersey Plan: Suggested a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, favoring smaller states.
Federalist #10: An essay by James Madison that discusses the dangers of factions and the importance of a large republic to mitigate their effects.
Gradual Emancipation: A plan to slowly phase out slavery over a set period rather than immediate abolition.
Hamilton’s Economic Plan: A series of measures proposed by Alexander Hamilton to stabilize and improve the nation's economy.
Strict Construction: An approach to interpreting the Constitution that emphasizes limiting government powers to those explicitly stated.
Loose Construction: An interpretation that expands governmental powers through implied powers not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.
Edmund Genet: A French diplomat whose actions during the French Revolution created diplomatic conflict in the U.S.
Impressment: The British practice of forcibly recruiting American sailors into the Royal Navy, which contributed to tensions leading to the War of 1812.
Whiskey Rebellion: A violent tax protest in 1794 against the federal excise tax on whiskey, leading to a stronger assertion of federal authority.
Jay’s Treaty: A 1794 agreement between the U.S. and Britain that resolved issues left unresolved since the Revolutionary War, seeking to maintain peace.
Quasi War: An undeclared naval conflict between the U.S. and France from 1798 to 1800, rising from diplomatic tensions.
XYZ Affair: A diplomatic incident in 1797-98 where American negotiators were asked for bribes by French officials, leading to public outrage.
Alien & Sedition Acts: A series of laws passed in 1798 that targeted immigrants and limited free speech, leading to significant controversy.
Kentucky Resolution: A political statement asserting that states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional.
Republican Motherhood: A concept suggesting that women's role was to educate and raise patriotic children, promoting civic virtue in the context of the republic.
Election of 1800: A significant political event resulting in the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the U.S.
Marbury vs. Madison: A landmark case in 1803 establishing judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
Louisiana Purchase: The 1803 acquisition of territory from France, doubling the size of the United States.
Warhawks (Second Generation Republicans): Young congressional leaders advocating for war with Britain in the lead-up to the War of 1812.
Battle of New Orleans: The final major battle of the War of 1812, fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed but before news had reached America.
Tecumseh: A Shawnee leader who sought to unite Native American tribes against American encroachment on their land.
Hartford Convention: A series of meetings by New England Federalists to discuss their grievances during the War of 1812, leading to the decline of the Federalist Party.
Monroe Doctrine: A U.S. foreign policy established in 1823 that warned European powers against colonial expansion in the Americas.
Transportation Revolution: A period of rapid growth in the speed and convenience of transport which had significant economic effects in the U.S.
Eli Whitney: Inventor of the cotton gin, which revolutionized the cotton industry and increased the demand for slave labor.
Market Revolution: A dramatic change in the economy characterized by an increase in commerce, manufacturing, and changes in consumer behavior.
Universal Manhood Suffrage: The right to vote for all men, regardless of property ownership or social class, spreading in the early 19th century.
The Tariff of Abominations: A protective tariff passed in 1828 that raised duties on imports, leading to sectional tensions.
The Corrupt Bargain: The alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay that resulted in Adams winning the presidency in 1824, amidst controversy over the election process.
Spoils System: The practice of rewarding political supporters with public office positions, initiated by Andrew Jackson.
Force Act: Legislation passed in 1833 allowing the federal government to use military force to enforce laws in South Carolina during the nullification crisis.
Panic of 1819: The first major financial crisis in the U.S., leading to widespread economic difficulties and distrust in banks.
Nullification: The theory that states could invalidate federal laws that they deemed unconstitutional.
South Carolina Exposition: Written by John C. Calhoun, it protested the Tariff of 1828 and asserted the right of nullification.
Pet Banks: State banks that received federal funds during the Jackson administration, leading to a financial crisis.
Species Circular: A 1836 executive order requiring payments for government land to be made in gold or silver, contributing to economic instability.
Panic of 1837: A financial crisis that led to a severe economic depression, caused by speculative banking practices and overwhelming public debt.
Whigs: A political party formed in response to the perceived excesses of Jacksonian democracy; emphasized reform and modernization.
Democrats: The political party that grew out of Jeffersonian ideals, focusing on populism and agrarian interests.
Cherokee Assimilation: Efforts by the Cherokee Nation to adopt European-American culture and practices to avoid removal.
John Marshall: Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who expanded the powers of the federal government through landmark decisions.
Trail of Tears: The forced relocation of Cherokee Indians from their ancestral lands to designated Indian Territory, resulting in suffering and death.
“Wage Slavery”: A term used to describe the exploitative nature of low-paying, monotonous jobs that trap workers in a cycle of poverty.
Slave Codes: Laws in the southern states that dictated the status of slaves and the rights of masters, instituting a system of oppression.
Paternalism: An ideological approach where slaveholders maintained authority over slaves under the guise of benevolent care.
Fictive Kin: The practice among enslaved people of creating familial bonds and networks that were not biologically related, fostering community support and resilience.
Section II: Matching Questions from 101 Objects
Morse-Vail Telegraph: Invented by Samuel Morse; revolutionized communication with electrical signals.
John Bull: A national personification of England, used to critique British politics and military actions.
Isaac Singer and his Sewing Machine: Innovated mass production methods for sewing, influencing clothing industries.
The Corps of Discovery: The Lewis and Clark expedition; explored the western territories and mapped routes.
Lewis & Clark’s Compass: Symbolizes navigation and exploration efforts during early American expansion.
The Jefferson Bible: A version of the Bible edited by Thomas Jefferson to reflect his moral philosophy, excluding supernatural events.
Gilbert Stuart’s Lansdowne Portrait: Iconic portrait of George Washington that defined his public persona.
Francis Scott Key and The Star Spangled Banner (flag): National anthem originating from the defense of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812.
Samuel Colt and his Revolver: Industrial revolution's impact on warfare and personal defense.
John Deere and his Plow: Improved agricultural practices, facilitating farming in tougher soil conditions.
Conestoga wagon: Key vehicle for westward migration, symbolizing expansion and pioneer lifestyle.
Eli Whitney and his Cotton Gin: Increased cotton production and solidified the agricultural economy of the South, tying it to slavery.
The Gold Flake: Reference to wealth during the Gold Rush, representing greed and opportunity.
Nauvoo Stone: Represents the history of the Mormon community and their migration and settlement patterns.
Emancipation Proclamation Pamphlet: Signifies Lincoln's commitment to ending slavery during the Civil War.
Christian Fleetwood and his Medal of Honor: Recognizes African American contributions to the Civil War and valor in battle.
Abraham Lincoln’s hat: Symbol of his leadership and the presidency during a tumultuous time in American history.
Alexander Gardner’s Cracked Photograph: Documented pivotal moments in the Civil War, influencing public perception.
Section III: Matching Questions from Frederick Douglass
Knowledge Required: Recognize key characters, events, places, and themes from the Autobiography of Frederick Douglass.
Preparation: Review study questions from the Frederick Douglass quiz for comprehensive understanding of material discussed in the text.