Ad hominem (Against the Man) | Attack on a person directly rather than the argument itself |
Ad populum | Fallacious argument that utilizes popularity as a reason to accept it. |
Begging the Question | The argument that already issues the claim is true (type of circular reasoning) |
Circular Reasoning | The fallacious argument that restates an argument without proving Goes in circle Already assumes their claim |
False Analogy | Misleading comparison in an argument |
Hasty Generalization | A conclusion, or claim, that is based on lack of evidence (rush to conc). |
Non-Sequitur | Occurs when the conclusion does not follow its premises. |
Post hoc ergo propter hoc | Occurs when it is assumed that one thing is the cause of another in a sequence. |
Red Herring | Utilizes diversion to lead people away from the real issue. People will oppose arguments rather than address them, leading to a false conclusion. |
Slippery Slope | Argues that events will eventually happen without examples or evidence (steps intentionally left out). |
Propaganda | The use of communication techniques that create emotional appeal either visually or verbally to project an opinion. |
Bandwagon | Suggestion to think or act as others |
Loaded Words | Words with heavy positive or negative connotations that stir feelings. |
Testimonial | Public figure or celebrity that promotes/endorses a product, person, or policy. |
Name-calling | Giving someone a bad label by using an n easy name or symbol (Calling out the name of the other product). |
Plain folks | Convince the audience that they are prominent people and their ideas are for the people. |
Misuse of statistics | Refers to manipulating statistical data to make a biased impression. Used to support an agenda or a viewpoint. |
Transfer | A device in which the ad links the authority of a symbol to give that respectively to a person. |
Card Stacking | Stress the positives only, not the negatives (only giving part of the story). |
Repetition | Repeating words so they imprint |