Reproductive Health Conditions

Common Reproductive Conditions

  • Uterine Fibroids:

    • Etiologies: Hormonal factors, genetic components, health conditions.

    • Pathophysiology: Arise from smooth muscle cells, leading to abnormal growth.

    • Clinical Significance: Can cause heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, reproductive issues.

  • Endometriosis:

    • Etiologies: Retrograde menstruation, genetic factors, hormonal influences.

    • Pathophysiology: Endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, leads to inflammation and scarring.

    • Clinical Significance: Pain, infertility, gastrointestinal symptoms.

  • Ectopic Pregnancy:

    • Etiologies: Previous PID, endometriosis, hormonal imbalances.

    • Pathophysiology: Fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, causing potential rupture.

    • Clinical Significance: Acute abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, can be life-threatening.

  • Hypospadias:

    • Etiologies: Genetic factors, hormone levels, exposure to endocrine disruptors.

    • Pathophysiology: Incomplete urethral development results in abnormal meatus location.

    • Clinical Significance: Urinary challenges, potential sexual function difficulties.

  • Testicular Torsion:

    • Etiologies: Abnormal attachment of testicle leading to free rotation.

    • Pathophysiology: Twisting affects blood supply, leading to ischemia.

    • Clinical Significance: Severe pain, risk of testicular necrosis, psychological impact.

Clinical Management and Treatment

  • Ectopic Pregnancy:

    • Medical: Methotrexate for early cases.

    • Surgical: Removal of ectopic tissue.

  • Uterine Fibroids:

    • Treatment: Medications, laparoscopic surgeries, myomectomy, hysterectomy.

  • Endometriosis:

    • Treatment: Pain management, hormonal therapy, surgical interventions.

  • Hypospadias:

    • Treatment: Surgical correction between 6 and 18 months of age.

  • Testicular Torsion:

    • Emergency treatment required to avoid necrosis.

Quick Recall Points

  • Ectopic Pregnancy: Requires urgent diagnosis due to risk of internal bleeding.

  • Uterine Fibroids: Can lead to reproductive complications and heavy menstrual bleeding.

  • Endometriosis: Involves pain management and possible infertility.

  • Hypospadias: Surgery restores normal urinary function.

  • Testicular Torsion: Emergency, severe pain, risk of testicular loss if untreated.