functional groups

  • 1. Carboxyl. -CO=OH. Acidic. Polar. Donates H+, and forms H bonds.

  • 2. Carbonyl. -CO. Neutral. Polar. 

  • 3. Hydroxyl. -OH. Acidic. Polar forms H bonds increases solubility in water

  • 4. Amino. -NH2-. Basic. Polar. Accepts H+, forms H bonds 

  • 5. Phosphate. -PO43-. Acidic. Polar. Negatively charged, stores energy (ATP)

  • 6. Sulfhydryl. -SH. Acidic. Polar. Forms disulfide bonds, stabilizes proteins 

  • 7. Methyl. -CH3. Acidic. Nonpolar.