Last saved 8 days ago
H(

a30996ff9f044066c146669f696543900e491299Unit_201_20_28PIC_29_20PPT__1_

DEL HI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

  • Overview of Embedded Systems

PAGE 2: EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Course Overview

  • Subject Code: CEC-304

  • Contact Hours: L-3, T-0, P-2

  • Examination Duration: Theory: 3 Hrs, Practical: 0

  • Relative Weightage:

    • CWS: 15

    • PRS: 25

    • MTE: 20

    • ETE: 40

    • PRE: 0

  • Objective: Introduce fundamentals of 16 and 32 bit microcontrollers, assembly language programming, interfacing of different interrupt-driven peripherals, real-time operating systems, bus architecture, digital signal processors and systems on-chip.

  • Content Overview:

    • Characteristics of Embedded Systems

    • Comparison with General Purpose Processors

    • Microcontroller architecture (PIC and 8051)

PAGE 3: UNIT CONTENT

Unit II (12 hours)

  • ARM architecture, memory interfacing, interrupts, and assembly language programming.

  • Exception processing and pipeline architecture.

Unit III (4 hours)

  • Digital Signal Processors (DSP): architecture, applications, algorithms.

Unit IV (4 hours)

  • System on Chip (SoC): evolution, features, IP-based design, TI OMAP architecture.

Unit V (4 hours)

  • Memory types: SRAM, DRAM, interfacing.

Unit VI (10 hours)

  • RTOS: RT-Linux introduction, scheduling, bus structures (DMA, PCI, AMBA, I2C, SPI).

PAGE 4: REFERENCE BOOKS

  • "Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design", Wayne Wolf.

  • "ARM System Developer’s Guide", Andrew N. Sloss.

  • "Design with PIC Microcontrollers", John B. Peatman.

  • "The Design of Small-Scale Embedded Systems", Tim Wilmshurst.

  • "Embedded System Design", Peter Marwedel.

PAGE 5: OBJECTIVE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Characteristics, advantages/disadvantages, structure, and challenges in embedded system design.

  • Differentiate functional and non-functional requirements.

PAGE 6: EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEFINITION

  • Any device with a computer that is not general-purpose.

  • Functions with minimal human intervention, responds using sensors and actuators.

  • Examples: PDAs, printers, cell phones, automobiles, televisions.

PAGE 7: APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Examples: Microwave oven front panel, cameras, automotive systems.

  • Modern automobiles may contain over 100 microprocessors for various functions.

PAGE 8: CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Sophisticated functionality, real-time operation, low cost, restricted memory, low power.

  • Power consumption is critical for embedded devices.

PAGE 9: REAL-TIME OPERATION

  • Must complete operations by deadlines:

    • Hard Real-Time: strict deadline adherence.

    • Soft Real-Time: missed deadlines affect performance.

  • Systems often multi-rate.

PAGE 10: MORE FEATURES

  • Dedicated systems for predefined functions; limited programmability.

  • Application dependent requirements, like fault tolerance and safety.

PAGE 11: TYPES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Functions-Based Classification

  • Similar to general computing: PDAs, ATMs.

  • Control Systems: Vehicle engine control.

  • Signal Processing: Radar, SONAR applications.

PAGE 12: ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Advantages: Customizable, low power, cost-effective, high performance.

  • Disadvantages: High development efforts and longer market time.

PAGE 13: STRUCTURE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Components:

    • Sensor: Converts physical quantities to electrical signals.

    • A-D Converter: Converts analog to digital data.

    • Processor & ASICs: Process data and output.

    • D-A Converter: Converts digital back to analog.

PAGE 14: EMBEDDED SYSTEM FUNCTION

  • Actuator compares expected output with actual output.

  • Importance of microprocessors and microcontrollers in design.

PAGE 15: PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE

Components of a Processor

  1. Control Unit: Fetches instructions.

  2. Execution Unit: Executes instructions, includes ALU for computations.

    • Execution Cycle: Fetch -> Execute -> Repeat.

PAGE 16: TYPES OF PROCESSORS

  • Categories: GPP, Embedded Processors, DSP, ASSP, ASIPs.

  • Hardware includes user interfaces, memory, etc.

PAGE 17: IMPLEMENTING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Hardware Elements: Processing elements, memory, I/O devices, interfacing devices.

  • Software: System software and application focused.

PAGE 18: HARDWARE EVOLUTION

  • SoCs, application-specific processors, multitasking, concurrency in embedded design.

PAGE 19: CHALLENGES IN EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

  • Challenges include hardware needs, deadlines, minimized power consumption, and overall design goals.

PAGE 20: FUNCTIONAL VS NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

  • Functional: Outputs as input functions; Non-functional: time, size, power.

  • Design methodologies: top-down and bottom-up designs.

PAGE 21: CONCLUDING REMARK

  • Ubiquity of embedded computers; management of design process challenges.

PAGE 22: MICRO-CONTROLLERS ARCHITECTURE

  • Content: Overview of microcontroller functions, architectures (Von Neumann, Harvard), comparison of architectures.

PAGES 23-24: TYPES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Classification: Stand-alone, real-time, networked, mobile embedded systems.

  • Notable characteristics: performance, complexity.

PAGE 25: REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Strict deadline adherence in both hard and soft systems.

PAGE 26: STAND-ALONE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Operate independently without host systems.

PAGE 27: NETWORKED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Connected to networks for remote output and control.

PAGE 28: MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Small, portable, and resource-efficient.

PAGE 29: SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Small Scale: 8-bit or 16-bit microcontrollers; battery-powered.

  • Medium Scale: 16-bit or 32-bit; integration complexity.

PAGE 30: SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Employ multiple high-bit microcontrollers, designed for complex applications.

PAGE 31: COMPARISON WITH GENERAL-PURPOSE PROCESSORS

  • Differences in application, performance, operating systems, and power consumption.

PAGE 32: EMBEDDED SYSTEM HARDWARE

  • Hardware's tasks include input reception, processing, and output provision.

PAGE 33: MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

  • Differences between microprocessors (GPP) and microcontrollers (integrated systems).

PAGE 34: COMPONENTS OF MICROCONTROLLER

  • Integration of multiple components onto a single chip including RAM and I/O ports.

PAGE 35: WHY MICROCONTROLLER?

  • Key attributes: low cost, low power, programmable, easy integration.

PAGE 36: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

  • Von Neumann Architecture: Single bus system causing potential bottleneck.

PAGE 37: HARVARD ARCHITECTURE

  • Dual bus setup facilitating concurrent instruction processing.

PAGE 38: CISC VS RISC

  • Differences in complexity and instruction execution cycles.

PAGE 39-40: PIC MICROCONTROLLER STRUCTURE

  • Architecture overview, key functioning elements, and programming focuses.

PAGES 41-57: FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS AND INSTRUCTION SETS OF PIC

  • Detailed overview of functional blocks like ALU, registers, timers, instruction execution overview.

PAGE 58-70: INSTRUCTION PROGRAMMING IN PIC

  • Instruction set organization, programming examples, and types of addressing used in PIC architecture.

PAGES 71-75: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE AND APPLICATION

  • Assembly language programming, MPASM usage, and summarization of PIC capabilities.


Overview of Embedded Systems

  • Course Code: CEC-304

  • Contact Hours: L-3, T-0, P-2

  • Examination Duration: Theory: 3 Hrs, Practical: 0

  • Relative Weightage: CWS: 15, PRS: 25, MTE: 20, ETE: 40

Objective

To introduce fundamentals of 16/32-bit microcontrollers, assembly programming, peripheral interfacing, real-time operating systems, bus architectures, DSPs, and SoCs.

Content Overview

  1. Characteristics and comparison with general-purpose processors

  2. Microcontroller architecture (PIC, 8051)

  3. ARM architecture, memory interfacing, and interrupts

  4. DSP: architecture and applications

  5. SoCs: evolution and IP-based design

  6. Memory types: SRAM, DRAM

  7. RTOS: scheduling and bus structures

Applications

  • Devices: PDAs, printers, cell phones, automobiles, and more

  • Example: Modern automobiles may have over 100 microprocessors.

Characteristics

  • Features: real-time operation, low cost, low power consumption, dedicated functionality.

Types of Embedded Systems

  • Classifications: stand-alone, real-time, networked, mobile embedded systems

  • Functional categories: control systems, signal processing

Design Challenges

  • Key challenges: hardware needs, deadlines, power consumption.

Processors

  • Types: GPP, DSP, Embedded Processors, etc.

  • Architecture: von Neumann vs. Harvard, CISC vs. RISC.

References

  • Books:

  1. "Computers as Components", Wayne Wolf

  2. "ARM System Developer's Guide", Andrew N. Sloss

  3. "Design with PIC Microcontrollers", John B. Peatman

  4. "Embedded System Design", Peter Marwedel.


robot
knowt logo

a30996ff9f044066c146669f696543900e491299Unit_201_20_28PIC_29_20PPT__1_

DEL HI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

  • Overview of Embedded Systems

PAGE 2: EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Course Overview

  • Subject Code: CEC-304

  • Contact Hours: L-3, T-0, P-2

  • Examination Duration: Theory: 3 Hrs, Practical: 0

  • Relative Weightage:

    • CWS: 15

    • PRS: 25

    • MTE: 20

    • ETE: 40

    • PRE: 0

  • Objective: Introduce fundamentals of 16 and 32 bit microcontrollers, assembly language programming, interfacing of different interrupt-driven peripherals, real-time operating systems, bus architecture, digital signal processors and systems on-chip.

  • Content Overview:

    • Characteristics of Embedded Systems

    • Comparison with General Purpose Processors

    • Microcontroller architecture (PIC and 8051)

PAGE 3: UNIT CONTENT

Unit II (12 hours)

  • ARM architecture, memory interfacing, interrupts, and assembly language programming.

  • Exception processing and pipeline architecture.

Unit III (4 hours)

  • Digital Signal Processors (DSP): architecture, applications, algorithms.

Unit IV (4 hours)

  • System on Chip (SoC): evolution, features, IP-based design, TI OMAP architecture.

Unit V (4 hours)

  • Memory types: SRAM, DRAM, interfacing.

Unit VI (10 hours)

  • RTOS: RT-Linux introduction, scheduling, bus structures (DMA, PCI, AMBA, I2C, SPI).

PAGE 4: REFERENCE BOOKS

  • "Computers as Components: Principles of Embedded Computing System Design", Wayne Wolf.

  • "ARM System Developer’s Guide", Andrew N. Sloss.

  • "Design with PIC Microcontrollers", John B. Peatman.

  • "The Design of Small-Scale Embedded Systems", Tim Wilmshurst.

  • "Embedded System Design", Peter Marwedel.

PAGE 5: OBJECTIVE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Characteristics, advantages/disadvantages, structure, and challenges in embedded system design.

  • Differentiate functional and non-functional requirements.

PAGE 6: EMBEDDED SYSTEM DEFINITION

  • Any device with a computer that is not general-purpose.

  • Functions with minimal human intervention, responds using sensors and actuators.

  • Examples: PDAs, printers, cell phones, automobiles, televisions.

PAGE 7: APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Examples: Microwave oven front panel, cameras, automotive systems.

  • Modern automobiles may contain over 100 microprocessors for various functions.

PAGE 8: CHARACTERISTICS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Sophisticated functionality, real-time operation, low cost, restricted memory, low power.

  • Power consumption is critical for embedded devices.

PAGE 9: REAL-TIME OPERATION

  • Must complete operations by deadlines:

    • Hard Real-Time: strict deadline adherence.

    • Soft Real-Time: missed deadlines affect performance.

  • Systems often multi-rate.

PAGE 10: MORE FEATURES

  • Dedicated systems for predefined functions; limited programmability.

  • Application dependent requirements, like fault tolerance and safety.

PAGE 11: TYPES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Functions-Based Classification

  • Similar to general computing: PDAs, ATMs.

  • Control Systems: Vehicle engine control.

  • Signal Processing: Radar, SONAR applications.

PAGE 12: ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Advantages: Customizable, low power, cost-effective, high performance.

  • Disadvantages: High development efforts and longer market time.

PAGE 13: STRUCTURE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Components:

    • Sensor: Converts physical quantities to electrical signals.

    • A-D Converter: Converts analog to digital data.

    • Processor & ASICs: Process data and output.

    • D-A Converter: Converts digital back to analog.

PAGE 14: EMBEDDED SYSTEM FUNCTION

  • Actuator compares expected output with actual output.

  • Importance of microprocessors and microcontrollers in design.

PAGE 15: PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE

Components of a Processor

  1. Control Unit: Fetches instructions.

  2. Execution Unit: Executes instructions, includes ALU for computations.

    • Execution Cycle: Fetch -> Execute -> Repeat.

PAGE 16: TYPES OF PROCESSORS

  • Categories: GPP, Embedded Processors, DSP, ASSP, ASIPs.

  • Hardware includes user interfaces, memory, etc.

PAGE 17: IMPLEMENTING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Hardware Elements: Processing elements, memory, I/O devices, interfacing devices.

  • Software: System software and application focused.

PAGE 18: HARDWARE EVOLUTION

  • SoCs, application-specific processors, multitasking, concurrency in embedded design.

PAGE 19: CHALLENGES IN EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

  • Challenges include hardware needs, deadlines, minimized power consumption, and overall design goals.

PAGE 20: FUNCTIONAL VS NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

  • Functional: Outputs as input functions; Non-functional: time, size, power.

  • Design methodologies: top-down and bottom-up designs.

PAGE 21: CONCLUDING REMARK

  • Ubiquity of embedded computers; management of design process challenges.

PAGE 22: MICRO-CONTROLLERS ARCHITECTURE

  • Content: Overview of microcontroller functions, architectures (Von Neumann, Harvard), comparison of architectures.

PAGES 23-24: TYPES OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Classification: Stand-alone, real-time, networked, mobile embedded systems.

  • Notable characteristics: performance, complexity.

PAGE 25: REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Strict deadline adherence in both hard and soft systems.

PAGE 26: STAND-ALONE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Operate independently without host systems.

PAGE 27: NETWORKED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Connected to networks for remote output and control.

PAGE 28: MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Small, portable, and resource-efficient.

PAGE 29: SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Small Scale: 8-bit or 16-bit microcontrollers; battery-powered.

  • Medium Scale: 16-bit or 32-bit; integration complexity.

PAGE 30: SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  • Employ multiple high-bit microcontrollers, designed for complex applications.

PAGE 31: COMPARISON WITH GENERAL-PURPOSE PROCESSORS

  • Differences in application, performance, operating systems, and power consumption.

PAGE 32: EMBEDDED SYSTEM HARDWARE

  • Hardware's tasks include input reception, processing, and output provision.

PAGE 33: MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

  • Differences between microprocessors (GPP) and microcontrollers (integrated systems).

PAGE 34: COMPONENTS OF MICROCONTROLLER

  • Integration of multiple components onto a single chip including RAM and I/O ports.

PAGE 35: WHY MICROCONTROLLER?

  • Key attributes: low cost, low power, programmable, easy integration.

PAGE 36: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

  • Von Neumann Architecture: Single bus system causing potential bottleneck.

PAGE 37: HARVARD ARCHITECTURE

  • Dual bus setup facilitating concurrent instruction processing.

PAGE 38: CISC VS RISC

  • Differences in complexity and instruction execution cycles.

PAGE 39-40: PIC MICROCONTROLLER STRUCTURE

  • Architecture overview, key functioning elements, and programming focuses.

PAGES 41-57: FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS AND INSTRUCTION SETS OF PIC

  • Detailed overview of functional blocks like ALU, registers, timers, instruction execution overview.

PAGE 58-70: INSTRUCTION PROGRAMMING IN PIC

  • Instruction set organization, programming examples, and types of addressing used in PIC architecture.

PAGES 71-75: ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE AND APPLICATION

  • Assembly language programming, MPASM usage, and summarization of PIC capabilities.

Overview of Embedded Systems

  • Course Code: CEC-304

  • Contact Hours: L-3, T-0, P-2

  • Examination Duration: Theory: 3 Hrs, Practical: 0

  • Relative Weightage: CWS: 15, PRS: 25, MTE: 20, ETE: 40

Objective

To introduce fundamentals of 16/32-bit microcontrollers, assembly programming, peripheral interfacing, real-time operating systems, bus architectures, DSPs, and SoCs.

Content Overview

  1. Characteristics and comparison with general-purpose processors

  2. Microcontroller architecture (PIC, 8051)

  3. ARM architecture, memory interfacing, and interrupts

  4. DSP: architecture and applications

  5. SoCs: evolution and IP-based design

  6. Memory types: SRAM, DRAM

  7. RTOS: scheduling and bus structures

Applications

  • Devices: PDAs, printers, cell phones, automobiles, and more

  • Example: Modern automobiles may have over 100 microprocessors.

Characteristics

  • Features: real-time operation, low cost, low power consumption, dedicated functionality.

Types of Embedded Systems

  • Classifications: stand-alone, real-time, networked, mobile embedded systems

  • Functional categories: control systems, signal processing

Design Challenges

  • Key challenges: hardware needs, deadlines, power consumption.

Processors

  • Types: GPP, DSP, Embedded Processors, etc.

  • Architecture: von Neumann vs. Harvard, CISC vs. RISC.

References

  • Books:

  1. "Computers as Components", Wayne Wolf

  2. "ARM System Developer's Guide", Andrew N. Sloss

  3. "Design with PIC Microcontrollers", John B. Peatman

  4. "Embedded System Design", Peter Marwedel.