unit 3 - review session notes

French & Indian War

• significant for this test!

  • France was winning in the beginning

    • turning point = battle at Quebec

      • All France’s land goes to Britain and Spain

• colonists and the British have a clear divide

Join or Die drawing (propaganda)

• drawn by Ben Franklin

  • The Albany Plan was ineffective

    • both sides felt it went nowhere (British too much freedom, colonists too little)

      • 13 independent colonies - saw themselves as separate from each other

        • caused them to see they’re not that different

Who is to blame for the American Revolution?

• separate causes into categories

  • political (Albany Plan, Proclamation of 1763), economic (Stamp Act, mercantilism), social (grown separate from british, population doubling every 25 years)

    • for LEQ, these will be asked! (political, economic, social causes)

Olive Branch Petition

• John Dickinson to King George

  • The colonists’ last attempt to make peace with england

Boston Massacre

• propaganda image is why it’s called the Boston Massacre (paint it in that light)

Advantages/disadvantages of GB and US

• definition of victory - colonists have this advantage since their goal is to fight for their daily lives

• allies - France being involved changes England’s POV

  • don’t have to only sit the colonies, but are fighting around the world

Now What?

• no central gov, individuality over unity, bad debt, AOC, etc

  • turning point - Shay’s rebellion

• AOC was written in 1777 - 10 years before Confederation

  • written to not offend anybody (all 13 states)

    • overcorrection of liberty that it was borderline anarchy

      • constitution is the correction of the overcorrection (in a conservative way)

        • one thing that stayed (dealing with the West) - Northwest Ordinance

How might America be considered to be the world’s “ugly duckling” in the years between the revolution and the constitution?

• multi-ethnic

• free trade country in a mercantilist world

Advantages of the US Consitution?

• maintain order against a popular uprising by

  • stronger central gov.

  • checks and balances

  • standing army

• republicanism “wiser” than democracy

  • Electoral College - prevent the people from picking a bad person for office

  • The Senate were meant to represent the states (be in their interest)

    • not subject to re-election for 6 years (not a lot of turnover)

  • anything that would benefit rich vs poor wouldn’t pass due to the balancing act in place (congress)

How is this quote (Horace) applicable to the philosphy of those that wrote the consitution?

• people are inherently self interested (consitution built around this)

What compromises were hammered out at the convention? What conflicting groups were involved?

• 3/5 compromise - southerners have more power in apportionment

• the great compromise - house of reps and senate make up congress, bicameral legislature, who’s idea was this, etc.

• commerce compromise - congress has power to tax imports not exports

political parties

• James Madison & Jefferson - dem-reps

  • Madison driven into dem-reps even though he was in favor of the Constitution (helped write federalist papers too)

• Hamilton & Adams - federalists

  • federalists - people in favor of consitution originally

John Adams challenges

• follows GW maintaining neutrality (greatest accomplishment)

• was affected by the fake news circulated

• The Federalists are losing people - dem reps gaining

• Adams goes home when he loses

  • shows that election results matter!

    • presidency was a temporary position for the service of the people