French & Indian War
significant for this test!
France was winning in the beginning
turning point = battle at Quebec
All France’s land goes to Britain and Spain
colonists and the British have a clear divide
Join or Die drawing (propaganda)
drawn by Ben Franklin
The Albany Plan was ineffective
both sides felt it went nowhere (British too much freedom, colonists too little)
13 independent colonies - saw themselves as separate from each other
caused them to see they’re not that different
Who is to blame for the American Revolution?
separate causes into categories
political (Albany Plan, Proclamation of 1763), economic (Stamp Act, mercantilism), social (grown separate from british, population doubling every 25 years)
for LEQ, these will be asked! (political, economic, social causes)
Olive Branch Petition
John Dickinson to King George
The colonists’ last attempt to make peace with england
Boston Massacre
propaganda image is why it’s called the Boston Massacre (paint it in that light)
Advantages/disadvantages of GB and US
definition of victory - colonists have this advantage since their goal is to fight for their daily lives
allies - France being involved changes England’s POV
don’t have to only sit the colonies, but are fighting around the world
Now What?
no central gov, individuality over unity, bad debt, AOC, etc
turning point - Shay’s rebellion
AOC was written in 1777 - 10 years before Confederation
written to not offend anybody (all 13 states)
overcorrection of liberty that it was borderline anarchy
constitution is the correction of the overcorrection (in a conservative way)
one thing that stayed (dealing with the West) - Northwest Ordinance
How might America be considered to be the world’s “ugly duckling” in the years between the revolution and the constitution?
multi-ethnic
free trade country in a mercantilist world
Advantages of the US Consitution?
maintain order against a popular uprising by
stronger central gov.
checks and balances
standing army
republicanism “wiser” than democracy
Electoral College - prevent the people from picking a bad person for office
The Senate were meant to represent the states (be in their interest)
not subject to re-election for 6 years (not a lot of turnover)
anything that would benefit rich vs poor wouldn’t pass due to the balancing act in place (congress)
How is this quote (Horace) applicable to the philosphy of those that wrote the consitution?
people are inherently self interested (consitution built around this)
What compromises were hammered out at the convention? What conflicting groups were involved?
3/5 compromise - southerners have more power in apportionment
the great compromise - house of reps and senate make up congress, bicameral legislature, who’s idea was this, etc.
commerce compromise - congress has power to tax imports not exports
political parties
James Madison & Jefferson - dem-reps
Madison driven into dem-reps even though he was in favor of the Constitution (helped write federalist papers too)
Hamilton & Adams - federalists
federalists - people in favor of consitution originally
John Adams challenges
follows GW maintaining neutrality (greatest accomplishment)
was affected by the fake news circulated
The Federalists are losing people - dem reps gaining
Adams goes home when he loses
shows that election results matter!
presidency was a temporary position for the service of the people