AP Human Geo

THERMATIC

Graduated symbols - size of symbol relates to frequency or total number of a phenomenon

choropleth - color gradients represent the density or prevalence of a phenomenon

cartogram - size of a place is distorted to reflect the density or frequency or total number of a phenomenon

dot distribution - dots represent frequency and location of a phenomenon

Isoline - color gradients denote the general boundaries of a particular phenomenon

CARTOGRAPHIC AND REFERENCE MAPS

mercator projection - 90 degree right angles, true to direction, conformed (relative size and shape are accurate across small areas), parallel lines of longitude and latitude, angles of direction are the same on globe and mercator

interrupted projection - many types, depicts the continent as accurately as possible by leaving blank space in the less important areas of map like oceans

gail-peters projection (1974) - cylindrical equal area map created to counter the widespread use of the mercator, longitude is distorted (countries look taller, more accurate to size compared to each other though)

mollweide projection (1805) - wide, example of equal area projection (maps preserve area between regions so each square of the longitude and latitude on these maos represent the same square milage), shape, distance, and size can get distorted, greenland is tiny and africa is huge

robinson projection (1988) - most preferred since most true to size, accommodated version of peters and mercator, attempt to find compromise to problem of showing whole globe as flat image, projection is neither equal area nor conformal but is distorted in all four ways

OTHER IMPORTANT VOCAB

sense of place - characteristics that give a place a specific identity (geography, topography, street layout)

vernacular architecture - materials used to build popular in the area (clay, concrete, wood ect), social customs, foods

typonyms - place names that help understand who has settled or controlled an area (suffixes are clues to this)

cultural lansdcape - anything built by humans

change over time - changes due to immigration, technology, and cultural shifts, can be tracked in a cultural landscape

sequent occupancy - layers of changes over time

absolute location - precise location on coordinate system, GPS

relative location - usually measured in distance or time, location relative to other locations, changes over time with changing perceptions of place

latitude - runs parallel to equator

longitude - run parallel to prime meridian (line that passes through Greenwich england)

flow - describes the patterns of connection between 2 places

distance decay - the further apart two things are the less connected they will be

time space compression - technology makes communication and exchanges easier

cencus fracts - small relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a country delineated by a committee of local data users