3. Information Literacy

“To be information literate, a person must be able to recognize when information is needed and the ability to locate/evaluate/use the needed information effectively”

- The American Library Association

TYPES OF INFORMATION SOURCES

  • Primary

    • Comes from the direct source

  • Secondary

    • An interpretation of the PRIMARY SOURCE

  • Tertiary

    • A compilation or summary of the PRIMARY SOURCE

THE BIG SIX

  • Skill model of information problem-solving

  • developed by Mike Eisenberg and Bob Berkowitz

  • Is applicable whenever people need and use information

  • Uses skills and technology tools to find/apply/evaluate information for specific tasks

  1. Define the task

    • Define the problem

    • Identify the information needed

  2. Identify information-seeking strategies

    • Determine all possible sources

    • Select the best source

  3. Locate and access

    • Locating sources…

    • Find information within sources

  4. Use Information

    • ENGAGE!! (read/view/touch the newfound information)

    • Judge and evaluate the quality of the information

    • To record and capture

  5. Synthesize

    • Organize information from multiple sources

    • Presenting the information

  6. Evaluate

    • Judging the result for effectiveness

    • Judging the process for efficiency

Information-Related Legal, Ethical, and Societal Concepts

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTIES

  • A category of property that includes creations of human intellect

Types of Intellectual Properties

  1. Copyright

    • “Copyright protections are automatic”

    • Protects the authorship of original works (literary/art/music/architecture)

    • Can expire 70 years after the author’s death (subjective)

    • Public Domain

      • Anyone can use, modify, and sell artistic works

      • Expired copyright automatically enters the Public Domain

    • Fair Use

      • Anyone can use copyrighted material ONLY for the sake of criticism/certain circumstances

  2. Patents

    • Limited duration protection

    • Is used to protect new and useful discoveries and inventions

    • People are not allowed to sell/make/use the patented product without authorization

  3. Trademarks

    • Distinguishable words/phrases that belong to a product or service

    • Trademark rights come from the use of the trademark

    • Can be held indefinitely

    • Can’t expire unlike copyrights and patents

  4. Trade secrets

    • Important specific, private information to a business

      • gives the business a competitive advantage

      • can harm the original holder if it’s acquired by another company