1.1

• Mercator projection: good for showing accurate directions but significant distortion of size (ex. Greenland and Africa)

• Good Homolosine projection: good at showing true size and shape of land masses but distortion in distances near edges of map so not helpful for direction

• Robinson projection: more distortion near the poles which helps preserve size and shape of land masses but ends up spreading distortion out in all areas

• Gall-peters projection: distortion with shape and direction

• Interrupted map: map that tries to remove distortion by removing parts of the globe

• Uninterrupted map: map that displlays entirety of the earth’s surface

• Reference maps: often used for directions and boundaries, etc.

• Absolute direction: exact location

• Relative direction: approx. and direction depends on another object’s current location

• Thematic maps: display spatial patterns and use quantitative data

  • Chloropleth, dot density, graduated symbol, isoline (ex. Weather map), cartogram, flow line maps (ex. Movement of imports and exports)

1.2

• Geospatial technologies (remote sensing, geographic information systems, GPS)

• Qualitative: often in word form (ex. interviews)

• Quantitative: collected through numbers # (ex. Census)

1.3

• Small scale - global scale

• Large scale - local scale

• Supranational organization: organizations such as United Nations

1.4

• Absolute location: exact spot on earth using longitude and latitude

• Relative location: description of location based on surrounding area

• Placelessness: When a place seems to lack in identity

• Time-space compression: reduction of time it takes for something or someone to get from one place to another (counters distance decay)

• Distance decay: effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions

1.5

• Environmental determinism: environment sets possibilities for human and society

• Environmental possibilism: idea that environment puts limits on society but ppl have ability to adjust/modify physical environment to overcome limits

1.6

• Scale: relationship of distance on map to corresponding distance on ground

• Scale of analysis: observation of data at the global, national, regional and/or local scale 

• (ex. Global scale with national scale of analysis)

• Small scale - more generalizations (ZOOMED OUT)

• Large scale - more detailed (ZOOMED IN)

1.7

• Formal/uniform regions: common attributes, defined by different characteristics

• Functional/nodal regions: areas organized around nodes (ex. Subway stations)

• Perceptual/vernacular regions: areas linked together due to opinions, beliefs on region - exist in people's minds (ex. Middle East) use cardinal directions